2-Nitrofluoren

This compound is not very flammable but any fire involving this compound may produce dangerous vapors. You should evacuate the area. All firefighters should wear full-body protective clothing and use self-contained breathing apparatuses. You should extinguish any fires involving this chemical with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

MODULATION OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS BY REAGENTS HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. THIS REPORT DEALS WITH MODULATORS OF MUTAGENESIS AMONG BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES. AN INHIBITORY EFFECT OF HEMIN ON MUTAGENICITIES OF A RANGE OF CARCINOGENS WAS FOUND BY ADDING HEMIN TO PREINCUBATION MIXTURE OF THE AMES' TEST. STRONG INHIBITIONS WAS OBSERVED FOR 2-NITROFLUORENE. GENERALLY, 50% INHIBITION WAS CAUSED BY AN AMOUNT OF HEMIN 1-2 EQUIVALENTS TO THE MUTAGEN. EXCESS OF HEMIN CAUSED COMPLETE INHIBITIONS.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Limited aqueous screening test data suggests the biodegradation of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will be very slow(1,2). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in soils. A calculated Koc range of 3200 to 3450(3), indicates 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will be slightly mobile in soil(4). An estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.87X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(5), suggests the volatilization of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene from moist soils will not be important(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Limited aqueous screening test data suggests the biodegradation of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene in aquatic systems will be very slow. 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in environmental waters. An estimated Koc ranging in the slightly mobile class for soil(1), indicates 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will partition from the water column to organic matter contained in sediments and suspended solids. 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene also has the potential to bioconcentrate in aquatic systems. A Henry's Law constant of 2.87X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(2) suggests volatilization of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene from environmental waters will be slow(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river has been estimated to be 185 days(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from an model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be over 65 years(4,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a calculated vapor pressure of 7.390X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), 2-nitro-9H-fluorene is expected to exist in both the particulate and gaseous phases in ambient air(1). The vapor phase reaction of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is likely to be an important fate process. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C; which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Washout by precipitation and gravitational settling may be important atmospheric removal mechanisms for 2-nitro-9H-fluorene in particulate matter(SRC).

The combustion of a diesel fuel containing 2-nitro-9H-fluorene at a concn of 91.7 ng/mL emitted 2-nitro-9H-fluorene(1). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene was emitted from a diesel fueled vehicle at concn of 0.63 and 8.8 ug/g for a high engine load of 100% at moderate speed of 1200 rpm and for a low engine load of 75% at high speed of 1800 rpm, respectively(2).

Based on an estimated water solubility of 1.73 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and an estimated log Kow of 3.97(2), the Koc of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has been calculated to range from 3200 to 3450 from various regression-derived equations(4,SRC). These Koc values indicate 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will be slightly mobile in soil(4).

2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is a natural component of crude oil(1). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is also a product of combustion(2) and can be released to the environment via natural fires associated with lightening, volcanic activity, and spontaneous combustion(SRC).

2-Nitro-9H-fluorene may be emitted to the environment by effluents from petroleum refining and coal tar distillation(1). The combustion of peat, coal, oil, gasoline and diesel fuels may release 2-nitro-9H-fluorene to the atmosphere(2). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is not commercially produced in the USA(3); however, 2-nitro-9H-fluorene may be released to the environment through industrial effluents and waste incinerators where 2-nitro-9H-fluorene may be produced as a product of combustion(SRC).

Levels of oxygen uptake for 500 mg/l of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene oxidized in activated sewage sludge suspensions with suspended solid concn of 2,500 ng/l did not differ from the controls(1,2). After 144 hours, oxygen consumptions were about 1800, 1700 and 300 mg/L for Franklin, Nashville and Ashland sludge, respectively(1), whereas, corresponding controls accounted for losses of approximately 1650, 1500 and 450 mg of oxygen per liter(1).

2-Nitrofluorene

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 46: (1989) Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes

2014

2012

Based on an estimated water solubility of 1.73 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and an estimated log Kow of 3.97(2), the log BCF of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has been calculated to range from 2.66 to 2.79 from various regression-derived equations(3,SRC). These log BCF values suggest 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has the potential to bioconcentrate in aquatic systems(SRC).