2,6-Dibromphenol

log Kow = 3.36

3.36

3.36

56.5 °C

56 - 57 °C

Warning

H302 (96%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 50 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes.

Suitable: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or appropriate foam.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations.

Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,6-DIBROMOPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

790 [mg/m3]

Wear appropriate government approved respirator, chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, other protective clothing.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use only in a chemical fume hood. Safety shower and eye bath.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,600(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.36(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,6-dibromophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,6-dibromophenol is 6.67(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 2,6-dibromophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). 2,6-Dibromophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(7). 2,6-Dibromophenol degraded in a soil-water system under anaerobic conditions with a half life of 7 days(8), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process under defined conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,600(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.36(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,6-dibromophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 31(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). 2,6-Dibromophenol degraded in a soil-water system under anaerobic conditions with a half life of 7 days(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process under defined consditions(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,6-dibromophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,6-dibromophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2,6-Dibromophenol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Bromophenols are present in polychaetes as well as in algae in marine environments including the North Sea. They are thought to cause the typical sea-like taste and flavor. The ecological function of brominated phenols is not clear yet, but they may play a role in chemical defense and deterrence ... In this study 2-bromophenol (2-BP), 4-bromophenol (4-BP), 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6-DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), all of which are present in marine organisms, were tested. Especially 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP showed a significant effect on the Ca2+ homeostasis in endocrine cells (PC 12). The reduction of depolarization induced Ca2+ elevations by 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP and the increase of intracellular Ca2+ by both substances, partly released from intracellular stores, may suggest a link to the disrupting effect of endocrine systems by brominated phenols. 2,4-DBP was the most potent substance ... tested in respect to inhibition of voltage dependent Ca2+ currents as revealed in whole cell patch clamp experiments. Brominated phenols disturb cellular Ca2+ signaling with differential efficacy, depending on the number and position of bromine.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ 2,6-Dichlorophenol is the only active sex attractant component detected in the extracts of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). It elicits from the male of each species a hierarchy of responses culminating in copulation. This compound probably occurs generally throughout the metastriate Ixodidae. 2,6-Dibromophenol, an artifact, also elicits the same sexual responses from the wood tick, but phenol and p-cresol do not.

2,6-Dibromophenol was identified in automotive emissions in the range of 1 to 5 ug/cu m(1). Fire residues sampled from private residences following accidental fires contained 2,6-dibromophenol, though the concentrations were reported as the sum of the various brominated flame retardants(2).

The Koc of 2,6-dibromophenol is estimated as 1,600(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.36(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,6-dibromophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,6-dibromophenol is 6.67(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Endeavour prawns from Exmouth Gulf, Shark Bay, and Groote Elylandt, Australia, contained 2,6-dibromophenol at concentrations of 99 to 250, 41, and 14 ug/kg, respectively(1). Ten different species of fish, collected in August 1992 from the eastern coast of Australia, contained 2,6-dibromophenol at concentrations of <0.05 to 0.6 ng/g for the carcass and <0.05 to 18 ng/g for the whole gut (analysis of single fish from each species)(2). Ocean fish were separated by species into pelagic carnivores, benthic carnivores, diverse omnivores and restricted omnivores; concentrations in the flesh ranged from <0.01 to 0.1 ng/g, <0.01 to 0.6 ng/g, <0.01 to 0.6 ng/g, and 0.2 to 0.3 ng/g, respectively, while concentrations in the gut ranged from <0.01 to 10 ng/g, <0.01 to 5.8 ng/g, <0.01 to 18 ng/g, and 2.2 to 5.3 ng/g, respectively(3). Thirty samples of 9 species of prawns, collected from the eastern coast of Australia from 1993 to 1996, contained 2,6-dibromophenol at concentrations of <0.01 to 34 ng/g(4). 2,6-Dibromophenol concentrations in cultivated prawns ranged from <0.01 to 1.0 ng/g(4). 2,6-Dibromophenol was detected in marine fish, mollusks, and crustaceans obtained from a seafood shop in Hong Kong. Seasonal concentrations in the flesh of rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) and brown-spotted grouper (Epinepheus areolatus) ranged from 0.136 to 3.52 ng/g and 0 to 2.62 ng/g, respectively; in the gut, concentrations ranged from 0.293 to 15.3 ng/g and 0 to 10.5 ng/g, respectively. In the mullusks, including clams (Tapes philippinarum) and oysters (Ostrea rivularis), seasonal concentrations ranged from 0.146 to 11.9 ng/g and 0.345 to 2.18 ng/g, respectively. For crustaceans, seasonal concentrations in the cephalothorax and tail of the shrimp (Penaeus japonicus)) ranged from 0.431 to 14.4 ng/g and 0 to 6.09 ng/g, respectively; in crab (Charybdis feriatus), concentrations ranged from 2.31 to 77.3 ng/g(5).

PURE CULTURE/AEROBIC: 2,6-Dibromophenol was degraded by resting cells of Streptomyces rochei 303, isolated from soil. The compound degraded in 24 hours; >90% at 10 ppm, >95% at 20 ppm, >98% at 50 ppm, and >99% at 100 ppm(1). 2,6-Dibromophenol O-methylation by two strains of bacteria; the gram-positive genus Rhodococcus (strain 1395) and the gram-negative genus Acinetobacter (strain 1679). Rates of O-methylation by strains 1395 and 1678 were 2.80X10-8 and 9.6X10-10 ug/hr, respectively(2). O-methylation of 2,6-dibromophenol was demonstrated in cell extracts from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The specific activity of cell extracts from Rhodococcus sp. (strain 1395) ranged from 0 to 8.6 pmol/min-mg of protein under various assay conditions(3).

ANAEROBIC: 2,6-Dibromophenol was degraded in an anaerobic sediment-water system; the half-life for this reaction was determined to be 7 days(1). 2,6-Dibromophenol degraded within a few days in anaerobic marine sediments(2).

SEDIMENT: Surficial sediments from the Rhone estuary, collected in 1987/1988, contained 2,6-dibromophenol at concentrations of <0.5 to 4 ng/g, dry weight basis, from 5 sampling sites(1). Upper river and marine sediment layers in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, collected in 1981 through 1983 at 12 different locations, contained 2,6-dibromophenol at concentrations <0.2 ppb (dry weight basis)(2).

An estimated BCF of 31 was calculated in fish for 2,6-dibromophenol(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.36(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).