2-Methylstyrene

0.9077 g/cu cm at 25 °C

0.91 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00

0.89

0.89

Insoluble in water

Soluble in benzene, chloroform

Solubility in water, mg/l at 25 °C: 117 (very slightly soluble)

0.009%

60 °C

58 °C (136 °F) - closed cup

60 °C - open cup

58 °C c.c.

127 °F

127 °F

170 °C

170 °C

339 °F

339 °F

-68.50 °C

-69 °C

-106 °F

-106 °F

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.1

4.08

Warning

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P261, P271, P273, P304+P340, P317, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H226 (65%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Benzene, ethenylmethyl-

Benzene, ethenylmethyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzene, ethenylmethyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Benzene, ethenylmethyl-: HSNO Approval: HSR001427 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Vinyl toluene is similar to styrene in its toxicological properties. Fatty degeneration of the liver occurs in acute animal studies. Human subjects found the odor detectable at 50 ppm and objectionable at 300 ppm. [ACGIH] Mainly an eye and respiratory tract irritant, it can cause central nervous system depression after absorption of high doses. [NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; May cause liver injury; [ICSC] Vinyltoluenes, stabilized (UN2618) has warning of explosive polymerization; [ERG 2016]

/GUIDE 130P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Vinyltoluenes, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Vinyltoluenes, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Vinyltoluenes, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Vinyltoluenes, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-Vinyltoluene (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature: 2-8 °C

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store only if stabilized.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, protective clothing and protective gloves. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-Vinyltoluene (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 730(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-vinyltoluene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-vinyltoluene from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 2-Vinyltoluene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.85 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 730(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-vinyltoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.5 hours and 4.4 days, respectively(SRC). 2-Vinyltoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 90(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.44(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2018).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-vinyltoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.85 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-vinyltoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 12 and 13 hours(SRC), calculated from respective rate constants of 3.1X10-11 and 2.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Based on structural analogy with 3- and 4-vinyltoluene which absorb weakly at wavelengths >290 nm(4), 2-vinyltoluene may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Vinyltoluene (ortho-vinyltoluene) is a liquid. Commercial vinyl toluene is primarily a mixture of meta- and para-vinyl toluene, usually with 56-60% meta, 40-45% para and 1% ortho. HUMAN STUDIES: A patient known from previous studies to be sensitive to styrene was patch tested with styrene and 18 compounds structurally related to styrene. Positive results were obtained with 2-vinyltoluene, and other isomers. The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Central nervous system effects, such as depression, poor memory, slow visuomotor performance and electrophysiological changes, have often been associated with heavy occupational exposures to vinyl toluenes. Significant increases in the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange were observed in human lymphocytes exposed in whole blood cultures to ortho, meta and para isomers. The strongest responses were seen with the meta and para isomers, which are the dominant species in vinyl toluene. ANIMAL STUDIES: There are no data available.

Sore throat. Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Drowsiness. Vomiting. Lethargy.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Aspiration hazard! Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; drowsiness; In Animals: narcosis

2-Vinyltoluene was identified in concentrates of advanced waste water treatment plant effluents collected from plants in Lake Tahoe, CA in Oct 1974, Pomona, CA in Sept-Oct. 1974 and June 1975, and Orange County, CA in Feb 1976, at concentrations of 0.1-0.6 ng/L(1). The concentration of 2-vinyltoluene in effluent from an industrial 5 day holding pond was reported as 0.001 mg/L(2). 2-Vinyltoluene was detected in the exhaust emitted from 10 four-stroke lawn mowers engines tested in the 1990s(3). Motorboats emitted 2-vinyltoluene to canal water; concentrations were 3-72 ng/L(4). 2-Vinyltoluene has been detected at Superfund sites(5).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-vinyltoluene can be estimated to be 730(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-vinyltoluene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Contact allergy to styrene related compounds was studied in a human subject. A patient known from previous studies to be sensitive to styrene was patch tested with styrene and 18 compounds structurally related to styrene. Positive results were obtained with 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, styrene-epoxide, and 4-hydroxystyrene. The reaction to styrene-epoxide was stronger than that obtained by patch testing with an equimolar concentration of styrene, 0.1 percent weight per volume in ethanol. Twenty one comparisons were subsequently patch tested with styrene-epoxide. All responses were negative. The authors note that the stronger reaction to styrene-epoxide, as compared to an equimolar concentration of styrene, may indicate that styrene-epoxide is the hapten and styrene is the prohapten, which has to be oxidized in the skin in order to be converted into styrene-epoxide. Styrene-epoxide can be formed from styrene by enzymatic transformation by aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase in the skin. They conclude that it is important to patch test with chemically related substances in order to evaluate the total sensitivity pattern of a patient.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Central nervous system effects, such as depression, poor memory, slow visuomotor performance and electrophysiological changes, have often been associated with heavy occupational exposures to vinyl toluenes. Information is not available on human exposure to vinyl toluene alone. /Vinyl toluenes/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. ... Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. The substance may have effects on the liver and kidneys. This may result in tissue lesions.

/GENOTOXICITY/ ... In human lymphocytes exposed in whole blood cultures, vinyl toluene induced both sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in a dose-dependent manner, in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation. The induction of sister chromatid exchange was dependent on the number of erythrocytes present. Significant increases in the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange were observed in human lymphocytes exposed in whole blood cultures to ortho, meta and para isomer. The strongest responses were seen with the meta and para isomers, which are the dominant species in vinyl toluene.

o-Vinyltoluene, m-vinyltoluene and p-vinyltoluene were given i.p. to rats and urine was analyzed for acidic metabolites by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Different derivatives were prepared and used to identify the structure of the metabolites. Different types (11) of metabolites were found, although all metabolites were not produced from each vinyltoluene isomer. The metabolites identified were: methylphenylethylene glycol, methylmandelic acid, methylphenylglyoxylic acid, hydroxymethylphenylethylene glycol, carboxyphenylethylene glycol, hydroxymethylphenylglyoxylic acid, methylbenzoylglycine, methylphenylacetylglycine, vinylbenzoylglycine, N-acetylcysteine conjugate of methylphenylethanol and glucuronide of methylphenylethylene glycol. Metabolites (> 90%) recovered were excreted during the 1st 24 hr. For the sum of all metabolites, there was an approximately linear relation between given dose and recovered amount of metabolites. Repeated daily administration was not followed by any appreciable increase in metabolite excretion and no enzyme induction phenomenon was apparent.

Used as a monomer in the production of plastics and surface coatings and as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain insecticides; [ACGIH]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Commercial vinyl toluene is primarily a mixture of meta- and para-vinyl toluene, usually with 56-60% meta, 40-45% para and 1% ortho. It is available as a commercial product with the following characteristics: purity, 99.2 wt% minimum; polymer, 25 ppm maximum; and para-tert-butylcatechol (inhibitor), 10-15 ppm or 45-55 ppm.

Wholesale and Retail Trade

Benzene, ethenylmethyl-: ACTIVE