Pentosidine
Pentosidine · Pentosidine. TFA salt · Gefitinib Impurity 109 · PENTOSIDINE 2,2,2-TRIFLUOROACETATE · (S)-2-Amino-6-(2-(((S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)amino)-4H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-4-yl)hexanoic acid · 4H-Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-4-hexanoic acid, α-amino-2-[[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutyl]amino]-, (αS)- · 4H-Imidazo(4,5-B)pyridine-4-hexanoic acid, alpha-amino-2-((4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)amino)-, (S-(R*,R*))- · 4H-Imidazo(4,5-B)pyridine-4-hexanoic acid, alpha-amino-2-(((4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)amino)-, (alphas)-
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 124505-87-9 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C17H26N6O4 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 378,4 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 378,20155331 g/mol |
| SMILES | N[C@@H](CCCCn1cccc2nc(NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)nc1-2)C(=O)O |
| InChIKey | AYEKKSTZQYEZPU-RYUDHWBXSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 119593 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:59951 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID60154417 |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | -4,7 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 169 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 5 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 9 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 12 |
| Schwere Atome | 27 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 494 |
| Physical Description | Solid |
| Siedepunkt | 655.6±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Dichte | 1.47±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store at -20°C |
| Löslichkeit | DMF: 21.4 mg/mlDMSO: 22.4 mg/mlEthanol: 31.3 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml |
| Aggregatzustand | A crystalline solid |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 2.50±0.24(Predicted) |
| Stabilität | Hygroscopic |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| Treatment | Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored. |
|---|---|
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. |
| Expositionspfade | Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Uremic toxins such as pentosidine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This seems to be mediated by the direct binding or inhibition by uremic toxins of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (especially NOX4 which is abundant in the kidneys and heart) (A7868). Reactive oxygen species can induce several different DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are involved in the silencing of a protein known as KLOTHO. KLOTHO has been identified as having important roles in anti-aging, mineral metabolism, and vitamin D metabolism. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869). |
| Signs and Symptoms | As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present. |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Zollcode | 2922498590 |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non-enzymatic chemical reactions following the bonding of sugars to proteins or lipids during diabetes, uremia, aging, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions. A receptor for the AGEs (RAGE) binds certain members of this class to initiate cell signaling. Pentosidine is a well-characterized natural AGE that is often used as a biomarker for the production of all AGEs. While pentosidine can be measured in urine, the majority of this AGE is catabolized before excretion.
Verwenden
A biochemical marker of bone turnover for management of metabolic bone diseases.