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HCID 12228Erstellt: 27. Oktober 2026

Methylisocyanat

Methyl isocyanate · Isocyanatomethane · CH3NCO · tl1450 · TL 1450 · WLN: OCN1 · Isocyanamethane · methylisocyanat

https://huagongshe.com/de/chemical/12228

Molekülstruktur von Methylisocyanat

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.624-83-9
SummenformelC2H3NO
Durchschnittliche Molmasse57,05 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse57,02146372 g/mol
SMILESCN=C=O
InChIKeyHAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID12228
ChEMBLCHEMBL1608558
ChEBICHEBI:59059
EC No.210-866-3
DTXSIDDTXSID1023786
Lokaler NameMethylisocyanat

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

XLogP1,1
Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)29,4
H-Brücken-Donoren0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren2
Frei drehbare Bindungen0
Schwere Atome4
Formalladung0
Komplexität44
GeruchSharp, unpleasant odor
Dichte0.9599 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than waterwill float0.9230 g/cu cm at 27 °CIsocyanates...are highly reactive and undergo addition reactions across the carbon-nitrogen double bond of the NCO group. Reactions with alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines have been widely exploited...The basis for the high reactivity of the isocyanates is the low electron density of the central carbon...Electron withdrawing or donating substituents alter the electrophilic nature of the isocyanate... /Isocyanates/Relative density (water = 1): 0.960.9588 @ 20°C
Color/FormColorless liquid
LöslichkeitDecomposes (NTP, 1992)10 G/100 ML WATER AT 15 °CSolubility in water at 20 °C: reaction(59 °F): 10%10 wt % at 15 °C (NIOSH, 1997)
CorrosivityMethyl isocyanate diffuses through polyethylene and attacks most elastomers (fluorocarbon resins are resistant). It is dangerous to use materials other than stainless steel, nickel, or glass/ceramic in contact with methyl isocyanate. In particular, do not use iron, steel, zinc, tin, copper, or their alloys.
Flammpunkt19 °F (EPA, 1998)-7 °C19 °F (-7 °C) (Closed cup)-7 °C c.c.
Siedepunkt102 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)39.5 °C39 °C38.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]102-104 °F59.6℃
DecompositionThe substance decomposes on contact with water. The substance decomposes rapidly on contact with acids and bases producing toxic gases (hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide).When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide/.
Schmelzpunkt-112 °F (EPA, 1998)-45 °C-80 °C-49 °F-45℃
DampfdichteAbout twice as heavy as air (EPA, 1998) (Relative to Air)1.42 (AIR= 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2
GeruchsschwelleOdor Threshold Low: 2.1 [ppm]Odor threshold from AIHAThe odor warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient.Air: 2.1 uL/Lodor safety class E. E= less than 10% of attentive persons can detect the TLV.
PolymerizationThe substance will polymerize when pure. The substance may polymerize due to heating and under the influence of metals and catalysts.... May polymerize explosively ... Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces ...
Dampfdruck348 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997)
Brechungsindex1.3419
AggregatzustandLiquidaerosol
Merck13,6112
Henry-Konstante1.3×10-2 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Roberts and Liu (2019)
Dielektrizitätskonstante29.4(21℃)
StabilitätStable, but highly reactive. Highly flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low boiling point, low flash point.
NIST chemische InformationenMethane, isocyanato-(624-83-9)
EPA chemische InformationenMethyl isocyanate (624-83-9)

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-EinstufungDangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]H361d ***: Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P342+P316, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Hazards IdentificationToxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH)
Regulatorische InformationenChemical: Methane, isocyanato-Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityOcular ToxicityReproductive ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityAuthoritative List - CA TACsEC Annex VI Resp. Sens. - Cat. 1OEHHA RELsProp 65Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the productThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
Weitere SicherheitsinformationenIMAP assessments - Methane, isocyanato-: Human health tier II assessment
DOT-KennzeichnungPoison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Anwendungen & Verwendung

Beschreibung

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3NCO. MIC is an extremely toxic, colorless, highly flammable liquid that evaporates quickly when exposed to the air and has a sharp, strong odor. It is hazardous to human health, and was involved in the Bhopal disaster in December 1984, which resulted in the deaths of more than 2250 individuals, with another 50 000 incapacitated, and about 100 000 treated in area hospitals.

Verwenden

In organic synthesis; in manufacture of carbamate pesticides.

BrandgefahrenReacts violently with water. Extremely flammablemay be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode violently in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Avoid water, acids, alkali, amines, iron, tin, copper, and other catalysts. Avoid heat, flame, oxidizers, water. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) will react with water, or in the presence of catalysts (such as sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, triphenylarsine, triethyl phosphine, metallic chlorides) to form either a cyclic trimer (trimethyl isocyanurate) or a gummy, resinous polymer. These reactions are exothermic, producing about 540 Btu per pound of MIC. Heat produced in these reactions may result in pressure build up and rupturing of tanks. (EPA, 1998)· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.· Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.· Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.Extremely flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.
Brandpotenzial... Flammable liquid ...Dangerous when exposed to heat or flame oxidizers.
GesundheitsgefahrenThis compound is a skin irritant and can cause permanent eye damage. A concentration of 2 ppm has been reported toxic in humans. Methyl isocyanate attacks the respiratory system, eyes and skin. It can injure the lungs and bronchial airways, cause permanent eye damage, and death. Death has been attributed to various forms of respiratory distress. (EPA, 1998)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.· Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators (cause eye irritation and flow of tears).· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.
GefahrenübersichtMethyl isocyanate is a colorless highly flammable liquid that evaporates quickly when exposed to the air. It has a sharp, strong odor. Methyl isocyanate is used in the production of pesticides, polyurethane foam, and plastics.Methyl isocyanate is used to produce carbamate pesticides. Methyl isocyanate is extremely toxic to humans from acute (short-term) exposure. In Bhopal, India, accidental acute inhalation exposure to methyl isocyanate resulted in the deaths of about 3,800 people and adverse health effects in greater than 170,000 survivors. Pulmonary edema was the probable cause of death in most cases, with many deaths resulting from secondary respiratory infections. Survivors continue to exhibit damage to the lungs and eyes. Reproductive effects and increased number of stillbirths and spontaneous abortions were noted in the survivors of the Bhopal, India accident. EPA has classified methyl isocyanate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.Methyl isocyanate can cause eye and skin injuries, pulmonary edema, and possibly immunological asthma. Skin sensitivity to methyl isocyanate developed in all sixteen guinea pigs tested. [ACGIH] Causes second and third degree burns after short skin exposures[CHRIS] In high-dose reproductive studies of animals, methyl isocyanate decreases fertility and increases fetal losses and birth defects. Women exposed in the Bhopal disaster had higher rates of spontaneous abortions than controls. [Frazier, p. 344-5] A lachrymator[HSDB] Methyl isocyanate is fibrogenic to the lungs in the context of an acute inhalation exposure complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans.
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch2480 155P
Reaktive GruppeIsocyanates and IsothiocyanatesPolymerizable Compounds
EG-EinstufungSymbol: F+, T+R: 12-24/25-26-37/38-41-42/43-63S: (1/2)-26-27/28-36/37/39-45-63
UN-EinstufungUN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Subsidiary Risks: 3UN Pack Group: I
BrandbekämpfungMaterial is extremely hazardous to health but areas may be entered with extreme care. Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus (coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around legs, arms and waist) should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. Stay away from ends of tanks. Do not get water inside container. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire.Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry sand, powder, carbon dioxide. NO hydrous agents. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.
Erste-Hilfe-MaßnahmenFresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .
Freisetungsmaßnahmen· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.Small Spill· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
Erste HilfeWarning: Effects may be delayed for up to 15 hours. Caution is advised.Signs and Symptoms of Acute Methyl Isocyanate Exposure: Acute exposure to methyl isocyanate may result in respiratory tract irritation, cough, chest tightness and pain, dyspnea (shortness of breath), asthmatic episodes, and pulmonary edema. Contact with the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes may result in severe irritation and permanent damage.Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to methyl isocyanate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.Inhalation Exposure:1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to methyl isocyanate.2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.4. Transport to a health care facility.Dermal/Eye Exposure:1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to methyl isocyanate.3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.5. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.7. Transport to a health care facility.Ingestion Exposure:1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.3. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.(General first aid procedures)Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.Breathing: Respiratory supportSwallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
Sichere LagerungFireproof. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Firefighting HazardsA harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C ... Reacts violently with fire extinguishing agents such as water and hydrated agents.... Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash vack. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated ... Reacts with water, which may cause runaway reaction ...
Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].0.01 [ppm]
BrandbekämpfungsverfahrenEvacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish the fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may in ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.... Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products ...Alcohol-resistant foam, dry sand, powder, carbon dioxide. NO hydrous agents ... Cool drums, etc., by spraying with water but avoid contact of the substance with water ...
LagerbedingungenFireproof ... Store only if stabilized.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Store away from heat, oxidizing materials, and sunlight. Separate from acids, bases, amines, oxidizing materials, water, iron, tin, and copper. Outside or detached storage is preferred.
ReinigungsverfahrenActivated alumina is used as sorbent for hydrolytic removal of methyl isocyanate from waste gases.Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate into safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Methyl isocyanate should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of explosion.Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop of control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in non-combustible material for proper disposal.Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with caustic soda. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.
Freisetung ohne BrandExcerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)polymerization hazard]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)
EntsorgungsverfahrenGenerators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P064, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.Methyl isocyanate may be disposed of by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.Incineration: Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.
TreatmentAntidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)
Wechselwirkungen... Male Swiss Webster mice were exposed to methyl isocyanate vapor ... by whole body exposure for 3 hours at 40 ppm with and without prior food deprivation for 24 or 48 hours. Dexamethasone, atropine, ethanol, and sodium thiosulfate were administered by ip injection either 3 hours before or 1 hour after MIC treatment. Mice were sacrificed at the end of either 2 or 3 week observation periods. Methyl isocyanate exposure induced immediate nasal irritation and lacrimation and produced listlessness following initial brisk activity. Significant protection against the lethal effects of methyl isocyanate vapor was afforded by administration of dexamethasone prior to methyl isocyanate exposure and 24 hour prestarvation. The percent surviving 8 days after methyl isocyanate exposure were 56, 100, and 90 for the untreated, dexamethasone pretreated, and 24 hours prestarved groups. The percent surviving at post treatment day 21 was 10, 50, and 20 for the same respective treatment groups. Sodium thiosulfate provided some protection against methyl isocyanate poisoning with 50% of the treated animals surviving to day eight and 30% to day 21. The other treatment groups had survival rates comparable to the untreated animals.
ZielorganeEyes, skin, respiratory system
Gesundheitliche AuswirkungenExposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
UmweltverhaltenTERRESTRIAL FATE: If methyl isocyanate is released to soil, it is expected to hydrolyze rapidly based on aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 20 min at 15 °C and 9 min at 25 °C, calculated from measured rate constants of 5.9X10-4 sec-1 and 1.34X10-3 sec-1, respectively(1). Soil adsorption effects, volatilization, and biodegradation are not expected to be competing processes since hydrolysis proceeds so quickly. Methyl isocyanate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 348 mm Hg(2).AQUATIC FATE: If methyl isocyanate is released to water, it is expected to hydrolyze rapidly based on half-lives of 20 min at 15 °C and 9 min at 25 °C, calculated from measured hydrolysis rate constants of 5.9X10-4 sec-1 and 1.34X10-3 sec-1, respectively(1). The products of hydrolysis may include N-carboxymethylamine, methylamine, carbon dioxide, and N,N'-dimethylurea(1,2). Bioconcentration, volatilization, adsorption to sediment and suspended solids, and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC) since hydrolysis proceeds so quickly.ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl isocyanate, which has a vapor pressure of 348 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl isocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 118 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Methyl isocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).
Unerwünschte WirkungenReproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).
ExpositionspfadeThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L96)inhalation (L96)dermal (L96)
ToxizitätsübersichtCyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
Signs and SymptomsCough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Vomiting.MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Burning sensation.Pain. Redness. Loss of vision.Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.irritation eyes, skin, nose, throatresp sensitization, cough, pulmonary secretions, chest pain, dyspnea (breathing difficulty)asthmaeye, skin damageIn Animals: pulmonary edemaCyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
Ongoing Test StatusThe following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=624-83-9]
ICSC Environmental DataThis substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.
EPA IRIS InformationMethyl isocyanate
RCRA-AnforderungenP064As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when methyl isocyanate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).
TSCA-AnforderungenSection 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Methane, isocyanato- is included on this list.Manufacturers and processors of methyl isocyanate are required to conduct physical/chemical properties and aquatic toxicity testing under TSCA section 4.
LuftstandardsListed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Methyl isocyanate is included on this list.
CERCLA-MeldepflichtmengenPersons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Methyl isocyanate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.
DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI)Methyl isocyanate110000Toxic chemical that can be released at a facility.
Berufliche Expositionsstufe (OEB)D
Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert (OEL)TWA: 0.02 ppm (0.05 mg/m3) [skin]
Sofort lebensgefährliche Konzentration0.12 ppm (0.28 mg/m3)
TSCA-Inventar-StatusTSCA listed
UN-TransportnummerUN 2480
RTECS-Nr.NQ9450000
R-Sätze (R)12-24/25-26-37/38-41-42/43-63
ToxizitätLD50 in male rats (mg/kg): 140 single oral dose (Vernot)LC50 in rats (4 hours exposure to vapor): 5 ppm (Kimmerle, Eben)
GefahrensymboleF+,T+
Sicherheitshinweise (S)26-27/28-36/37/39-45-63-28-27
Gefahrenklasse6.1
VerpackungsgruppeI
Gefahrstoffdaten624-83-9(Hazardous Substances Data)