n-Heptadecan

Other Classes -> Aliphatics, Saturated (>C11)

n-Alkane

0.778 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7780 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Hexagonal leaflets

Leaflets

Colorless liquid

In water, 2.3X10-3 mg/L at 25 °C

Insoluble in water

Slightly soluble in ethanol, carbon tetrachloride; soluble in ethyl ether

575.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

303 °C

72 °F (NTP, 1992)

21.97 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 14.5% (59 of 408) of reports.

Danger

H304 (84.6%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

P301+P316, P331, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 408 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Danger

Chemical: Heptadecane

Status: Active Update: 03-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22735

Heptadecane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as N-HEPTADECANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

43 [mg/m3]

470 [mg/m3]

2800 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.5X10+5(2), indicates that heptadecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of heptadecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(3), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.28X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.3X10-3 mg/L(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Heptadecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Heptadecane achieved 7 to 29% biodegradation after 28 days in sediment and marine-water inoculums(5), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.5X10+5(2), indicates that heptadecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.28X10-4 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 2.3X10-3 mg/L(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 hours and 6.2 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 500(SRC), from its estimated log Kow of 8.69(4) and a regression-derived equation(4), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Heptadecane has a calculated half-life of 2.3 days in unacclimated pond-water(8), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), heptadecane, which has a vapor pressure of 2.28X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist almost entirely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase heptadecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 21X10-21 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC)that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Heptadecane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Heptadecane was identified but not quantified in full fat commercial frankfurter sausages (made of beef and pork) without spices or smoke(1). Heptadecane was identified as a volatile component in the edible extract of Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(2). Heptadecane was detected in the extract of 8 Australian yellow box honey samples, and 8 Australian blue gum honey samples at average concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively(3). Heptadecane was detected in holm-oak, oak, and forest Spanish honeydew honeys in Autumn 2005 at average concentrations of 268.1, 140.0, and 169.4 ug/kg(4).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Heptadecane is a higher n-alkane containing 17 carbon atoms (C17). Heptadecane is used as stock for hydrocracking processes. It is also used in oxidation, and chlorination reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 found in liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.

Heptadecane is a component of essential oils like Opuntia littoralis and Annona squamosa(1).

Heptadecane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1). /Heptadecane/[Table#8359]

n-Heptadecane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of October 28, 2016: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Heptadecane was identified in the extract of some plastic materials from Concon, Chile(1); it was not detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags but was detected in the surface extract of roadside litter and landfill trash at concentrations of 1.7 and 7.6 ug/g, respectively; it was detected in the particulate matter of open burn smoke from new plastic bags, roadside litter, and landfill trash, at concentrations of 8.7, 5.8, and 8.4 ng/mg, respectively; heptadecane was not detected in the surface extract nor the open burn smoke of new plastic bags from the United States(1). Average concentrations of heptadecane emitted as a result of Chinese cooking styles were reported as 139, 50, 45, and 29 ng/mg, for Cantonese style, Sichuan style, Dongbei style, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: In 2002, heptadecane was detected in the gas-phase but not the particulate-phase of urban and industrial air samples from Prato, Italy at an average concentration of approximately 16 ng/cu m(1). During late fall and winter seasons heptadecane was monitored in the particulate matter of ambient atmospheres in urban areas of Corvallis OR, Guangzhou China, Beijing China, and Taiyuan China, with reported concentrations of not detected, 4.2, not detected, and 28.7 ng/cu m, respectively(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Heptadecane was detected in the gas phase of tailpipe emissions from catalyst equipped and non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 4.4 and 130 ug/km, respectively; it was also detected in the gasoline at 5.6 ug/g(1).

Mean concentrations for heptadecane of 2080, 2520, and 192 ng/g were determined in the volatile component of Korean salt-fermented fish and shrimp pastes from a Korean market that were made from anchovy, hair tail viscera, and shrimp, respectively(1). Barnacle samples collected from five locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of heptadecane ranging from trace to 760 ng/g(2). Catfish samples collected from seven locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of heptadecane ranging from <0.1 to 218 ng/g(3). Heptadecane was detected in the sediments from the coastal waters of Karachi but not detected in oyster samples (Crassostrea rivularis and Perna virdis) or fish samples Mugil sp and Acanthopagurus sp collected from the same areas(4).

AEROBIC: Biodegradation of heptadecane will occur under certain environmental conditions. Using a sediment sample and marine-water taken from Colgate Creek, Maryland (a relatively oil polluted environment), 29% heptadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days; using a sediment sample and marine-water taken from Eastern Bay, Maryland (a relatively oil free environment), 7% heptadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days; using the sediment sample from Colgate Creek in water taken from Eastern Bay, 24.5% heptadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days; using a sediment sample from Eastern Bay and water from Colgate Creek, 12% heptadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days(1). Heptadecane, present as a component of Biodiesel, has a calculated half-life of 2.3 days, from examination of the primary aerobic biodegradation of commercial biodiesel fuel at 100 ppm, using unacclimated pond-water(2).

Heptadecane is a volatile component of Spirulina platensis, and blocks the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and ameliorates several oxidative stress-related diseases. In a redox state disrupted by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory genes are upregulated by the activation of NF-kB via diverse kinases. Thus, the search and characterization of new substances that modulate NF-kB are lively research topics. In the present study, heptadecane was examined in terms of its ability to suppress inflammatory NF-kB activation via redox-related NIK/IKK and MAPKs pathway in aged rats. In the first part of the study, Fischer 344 rats, aged 9 and 20 months, were administered on average approximately 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight over 10 days. The potency of heptadecane was investigated by examining its ability to suppress the gene expressions of COX-2 and iNOS (both NF-kB-related genes) and reactive species (RS) production in aged kidney tissue. In the second part of the study, YPEN-1 cells (an endothelial cell line) were used to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of heptadecane by examining its modulation of NF-kB and NF-kB signal pathway. Results showed that heptadecane exhibited a potent anti-oxidative effect by protecting YPEN-1 cells from tert-butylhydroperoxide induced oxidative stress. Further molecular investigations revealed that heptadecane attenuated RS-induced NF-kB via the NIK/IKK and MAPKs pathways in YPEN-1 cells and aged kidney tissues. Based on these results, we conclude that heptadecane suppresses age-related increases in pro-inflammatory gene expressions by reducing NF-kB activity by upregulating the NIK/IKK and MAPKs pathways induced by RS. These findings provide molecular insight of the mechanisms by which heptadecane exerts its antiinflammatory effect in aged kidney tissues. ...

The in vitro metabolism of n-heptadecane was investigated using hepatic microsomes from Hubbard chickens, New Zealand rabbits, Wistar rats and rainbow trout. Incubations with the (14)C-labelled alkane for 1 hr showed that the rate of oxidation varied between species; the rate (per mg protein) in chickens was roughly 20-fold greater than the rate in trout, and roughly 10-fold greater than the rates in rats and rabbits. On the basis of cytochrome P-450 content, the rate of heptadecane metabolism was roughly 20-fold greater in the chicken than in the other species. Moreover, the lambda max Soret band of the reduced cytochrome P-450 CO-complex was observed at 452 nm in the chicken. Correlation between the rate of heptadecane metabolism and in vivo storage levels is discussed.

In rats fed a diet of 25% Spirulina algae, heptadecane accumulated in adipose tissue at 80.2 and 272 mg/g in males and females and in lung and muscle at approx. 10-20 mg/kg, respectively.

Following oral gavage of 1 g to rats, heptadecane was found in concentrations of 0.7, 1.4, 1.2, and 0.2% in the intestinal wall, liver, intestinal content, and feces, respectively.

/MILK/ Dietary concentrations of 52 ppm fed to pigs for 12 months resulted in the excretion of some heptadecane in milk during lactation.

Rat tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficients (PCs) for octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane (n-C8 to n-C12 n-alkanes) were determined by vial equilibration. The blood:air PC values for n-C8 to n-C12 were 3.1, 5.8, 8.1, 20.4, and 24.6, respectively. The lipid solubility of n-alkanes increases with carbon length, suggesting that lipid solubility is an important determinant in describing n-alkane blood:air PC values. The muscle:blood, liver: blood, brain:blood, and fat:blood PC values were octane (1.0, 1.9, 1.4, and 247), nonane (0.8, 1.9, 3.8, and 274), decane (0.9, 2.0, 4.8, and 328), undecane (0.7, 1.5, 1.7, and 529), and dodecane (1.2, 1.9, 19.8, and 671), respectively. The tissue:blood PC values were greatest in fat and the least in muscle. The brain:air PC value for undecane was inconsistent with other n-alkane values. Using the measured partition coefficient values of these n-alkanes, linear regression was used to predict tissue (except brain) and blood:air partition coefficient values for larger n-alkanes, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane (n-C13 to n-C17). Good agreement between measured and predicted tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficient values for n-C8 to n-Cl2 offer confidence in the partition coefficient predictions for longer chain n-alkanes.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for n-Heptadecane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

They are used mainly in applications for which isoalkanes are not acceptable for biological reasons, e.g., the production of detergents or proteins. /Higher n-Alkanes/

Solid n-alkanes (paraffin waxes) are used in a variety of applications, e.g., ... oxidation, and chlorination reactions. /Higher n-Alkanes/

Heptadecane ... /is/ used as stock for hydrocracking processes.

The liquefaction of coal provides the greatest variety of saturated hydrocarbons. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis produces alkanes from syngas (CO + H2) in the range C1 to C30 or higher depending on the process variant: depending on the catalyst employed, the synthesis yields predominantly liquid hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, along with gases from C1 to C4 when iron-based catalysts are used, while cobalt-based catalysts produce longer chain hydrocarbons in the diesel and wax range that often undergo, depending of the desired product slate, further processing, especially for gasoline generation. While iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts generate complex mixtures that also include branched and olefinic hydrocarbons, cobalt-based catalysts produce streams that are rich in n-alkanes and are therefore suitable raw materials for detergents and for wax products. /Saturated Hydrocarbons/

Suitable sources for n-alkanes with more than six carbon atoms are the appropriate petroleum distillate fractions, from which the n-paraffins can be isolated in high isomeric purity (= 95% linearity) by selective separation techniques, especially fractional distillation. /Higher n-Alkanes/

Heptadecane: ACTIVE

Gas-phase dehydrogenation of n-alkanes over noble-metal catalysts yield the corresponding n-alkenes at low conversion rates (ca. 10%) with predominantly internal double bonds. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated in high purity by selective molecular-sieve processes. /Higher n-Alkanes/