Nonadecan

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: You should dampen the solid spill material with acetone, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.

Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.2X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nonadecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of nonadecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Nonadecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.9X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Nonadecane achieved 6 to 27% biodegradation after 28 days in sediment and marine-water inoculums(5), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.2X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nonadecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 hours and 6.5 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 165(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.67(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Nonadecane has a calculated half-life of 2.8 days in unacclimated pond-water(7), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nonadecane, which has a vapor pressure of 4.9X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nonadecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 23.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase nonadecane may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nonadecane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Nonadecane was identified as a volatile component in the edible extract of Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(1). Nonadecane was detected in the extract of 8 Australian yellow box honey samples, and 8 Australian blue gum honey samples at average concentrations of 0.2 mg/kg(2). Nonadecane was detected in holm-oak, oak, and forest Spanish honeydew honeys in Autumn 2005 at average concentrations of 248.7, 207.9, and 80.7 ug/kg(3).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nonadecane is a solid n-alkane containing 19 carbon atoms (C19). Solid n-alkanes (paraffin waxes) are used in a variety of applications: as feeds for cracking them to gasoline blendstock materials, oxidation, and chlorination reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of bovine tissues. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Volatile organic compounds (heptadecadiene, n-nonadecane, n-tricosane, and octadecene represent 62% of the fraction) released from A. dealbata flowers strongly inhibited germination and seedling growth of selected species, and mainly on its own seedlings.

/PLANTS/ Acacia dealbata is a widespread invader in Mediterranean type ecosystems, and traits promoting its invasiveness are currently under investigation. Due to the dense atmosphere below its canopy, /it was/ hypothesized that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from flowers, leaves, litter, or a mixture of treatments exert inhibitory effects on the natives Trifolium subterraneum, Lolium multiflorum, Medicago sativa, and also on its own seeds. ...VOCs from flowers significantly reduced germination in L. multiflorum and A. dealbata; moreover, root length, stem length, above-ground and below-ground biomass were also reduced in all species studied. Volatile organic compounds from flowers and the mixture also increased significantly malondialdehyde content in T. subterraneum and L. multiflorum. The effects of VOCs on antioxidant enzymatic activities were species dependent. Flowers enhanced peroxidase but decreased superoxide dismutase activity in T. subterraneum. In contrast, VOCs released from leaves increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in L. multiflorum. GC/MS analyses revealed 27 VOCs in the volatile fraction from flowers, 12 of which were exclusive to this fraction. Within them, heptadecadiene, n-nonadecane, n-tricosane, and octadecene represent 62% of the fraction. ...Evidence /was presented/ that the VOCs released from A. dealbata flowers strongly inhibited germination and seedling growth of selected species, and mainly on its own seedlings. As far as we know, this is the first evidence of phytotoxicity induced by VOCs in invasive species belonging to the Acacia genus.

Nonadecane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1). /Nondecane/[Table#8363]

Nonadecane is a component of essential oils isolated from Artemisia armeniaca(1).

n-Nonadecane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).

Nonadecane was identified in the extract of some plastic materials from Concon, Chile(1); it was not detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags but was detected in the surface extract of roadside litter and landfill trash at concentrations of 12.2 and 9.2 ug/g, respectively; it was detected in the particulate matter of open burn smoke from new plastic bags, roadside litter, and landfill trash, at concentrations of 6.8, 6.5, and 13.5 ng/mg, respectively; nonadecane was not detected in the surface extract nor the open burn smoke of new plastic bags from the United States(1). Average concentrations of nonadecane emitted as a result of Chinese cooking styles were reported as 72, 75, 69, and 39 ng/mg, for Cantonese style, Sichuan style, Dongbei style, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(2).

The Koc of nonadecane is estimated as 3.2X10+5(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 9.67(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that nonadecane is expected to be immobile in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN:A mean ambient air concentration of 96.3 ng/cu m was reported for nonadecane from monitoring data measured on September 9, 1993 at Central Los Angeles, Azusa, and Claremont(1). In 2002, nonadecane was detected in the gas-phase and the particulate-phase of urban and industrial air samples from Prato, Italy, at average concentrations of approximately 30 and 0.09 ng/cu m, respectively(2). During late fall and winter seasons nonadecane was monitored in the particulate matter of ambient atmospheres in urban areas of Corvallis OR, Guangzhou China, Beijing China, and Taiyuan China, with reported concentrations of not detected, 11.7, 40.5, and 30.1 ng/cu m, respectively(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Nonadecane was detected in the gas phase of tailpipe emissions from catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at a concentration of 2.0 ug/km; and in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 92 and 75 ug/km, respectively; it was also detected in the gasoline at 4.7 ug/g(1).

Barnacle samples collected from five locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of nonadecane ranging from trace to 690 ng/g(1). Catfish samples collected from seven locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of nonadecane ranging from <0.1 to 29 ng/g(2).

Alkanes such as nonadecane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products(SRC). Nonadecane's production and use in organic synthesis(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: Biodegradation of nonadecane will occur under certain environmental conditions. Using a sediment sample and marine-water taken from Colgate Creek, Maryland (a relatively oil polluted environment), 27% nonadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days; using a sediment sample and marine-water taken from Eastern Bay, Maryland (a relatively oil free environment), 6% nonadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days; using the sediment sample from Colgate Creek in water taken from Eastern Bay, 22% nonadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days; using a sediment sample from Eastern Bay and water from Colgate Creek, 13% nonadecane was utilized by bacteria after 28 days(1). Nonadecane, present as a component of Biodiesel, has a calculated half-life of 2.8 days, from examination of the primary aerobic biodegradation of commercial biodiesel fuel at 100 ppm, using unacclimated pond-water(2).