Icosan-1-ol

White, wax-like solid

WAX FROM ALC AND CRYSTALS FROM CHLOROFORM

Very soluble in acetone; soluble in petroleum ether; slightly soluble in ethanol, chloroform

Soluble in hot benzene

66.1 °C

66.1 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 74.9% (347 of 463) of all reports.

Warning

H319 (19.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 463 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: 1-Eicosanol

1-Eicosanol is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Eicosanol are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 31-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14380

1-Eicosanol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A mild skin and eye irritant; [HSDB] Aliphatic alcohols are metabolized and eliminated efficiently; Not skin sensitizers; May have low-grade liver effects; CNS depression seen in shorter chain alcohols, e.g., 1-hexanol and 1-octanol; [Reference #1] May cause irritation; [MSDSonline]

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, including 1-eicosanol, inhibit specific binding of (3)H-labeled ouabain to a particulate fraction from dog heart. The magnitude of inhibition increases with chain length, reaching a maximum with lauric acid, myristoleic acid, and decanol in a series of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and alcohols, respectively, followed by a decline with longer chain members of homologous series.

... None of these alcohols alone increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly, whereas CCl4 or CHCl3 administration to alcohol-treated animals resulted in significant elevation of plasma transaminases. Eicosanol (20-carbon alcohol) did not potentiate the toxicity of either halomethane. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and decanol in combination with CCl4 caused massive liver damage but failed to augment CCl4 lethality. t-Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and octanol significantly decreased the LD50 of CCl4. The hepatotoxic effects of CHCl3 were potentiated by all of the alcohols and the LD50s were also decreased significantly. Alcohol-potentiated CHCl3 toxicity was greater than the toxicity of CCl4.

The present ... experiments were designed to test: (i) whether a single subtoxic dose of alcohol can potentiate /carbon tetrachloride/ CCl4 and /chloroform/ CHCl3 hepatoxicity, and (ii) whether this potentiation leads to greater animal lethality. Selected members of a homologous series of straight chain alcohols were chosen for this study. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, and eicosanol at equimolar doses (10 mmol/kg) were tested in the present investigation. Each alcohol was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats (175 to 250 g) 18 hr prior to a single oral administration of CCl4 or CHCl3. Liver injury was assessed by plasma transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and histopathological examination of liver sections 24 hr after the halomethane treatment. None of these alcohols alone increased plasma ALT or AST significantly, whereas CCl4 or CHCl3 administration to alcohol-treated animals resulted in significant elevation of plasma transaminases. Eicosanol (20-carbon alcohol) did not potentiate the toxicity of either halomethane. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and decanol in combination with CCl4 caused massive liver damage but failed to augment CCl4 lethality. t-Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and octanol significantly decreased the LD50 of CCl4 .... On a comparative basis, alcohol-potentiated CHCl3 toxicity was greater than the toxicity of CCl4.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.4X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-eicosanol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-eicosanol from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1-Eicosanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.5X10-8 mm Hg(4). 1-Eicosanol is expected to biodegrade rapidly(5).

The lipids of the Gram-negative marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, cultivated in synthetic seawater on a single carbon source, acetate or n-icosane, were isolated, purified and their structures determined. Three different pools of lipids were isolated according to the sequential procedure used: "unbound" lipids extractable by solvents, lipids released under basic conditions ("ester bound") and lipids released by acid hydrolysis ("amide bound"). Even-carbon-numbered, n-fatty acids were identified in the "unbound" lipids of both the acetate and n-icosane cultures. In addition to these compounds, n-icosane induced the formation of n-icosan-1-ol and n-icos-11-en-1-ol, and also of a series of ß-hydroxy acids ranging from C12 to C20. In the "ester bound" lipids of the two cultures, short and long chain fatty acids were identified together with the ß-hydroxy C12:0 acid. This hydroxy acid was, by far, the major compound identified in the "amide bound" lipids of the two cultures. Comparison of the analytical data for the two cultures, and the differences in composition thus observed for the "unbound" pool, suggest the following metabolic pathway for n-icosane: hydroxylation to the C20 primary alcohol, transformation into the C20 ß-hydroxy acid and subsequent degradation into lower homologues. In sharp contrast, lipids from the "ester bound" and "amide bound" pools were quite unaffected by the change of nutrient. Lipids from Escherichia coli were also examined in the same manner. The results are discussed in terms of geochemical implications, relative to the presence of "unbound" ß-hydroxy acids in particulate matter and sediments.

Used in lubricants, rubber, plastics, and textiles; Used as an emulsion stabilizer and viscosity increasing agent; [HSDB]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]

Lubricants, rubber, plastics, textiles; research

Emulsion stabilizer; viscosity increasing agent - aqueous; viscosity increasing agent - nonaqueous

2023: 550,000 - <700,000 lb

This chemical is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

(1986) >1 million-10 million pounds

(1990) >1 million-10 million pounds

(1994) >1 million-10 million pounds

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for 1-EICOSANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Grade:Technical, 99%.

Trade names: ALFOL 20+ Alcohol; Cachalot Arachidyl Alcohol AR-20; Nacol 20-95; NACOL 20-95

Trade name mixtures: Covacrem LP; Covacrem MK; Macamat Wax; Micromac Wax; Montanov 202

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Emollients

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Cosmetics -> Emollient

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

1-Eicosanol: ACTIVE