| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 21.4% (3 of 14) of reports.DangerH302 (78.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 14 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-Chemical: Ethane, tetrachloro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityNeurotoxicityThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-: Human health tier II assessmentIMAP assessments - Ethane, tetrachloro-: Environment tier I assessment |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
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| Brandgefahren | Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)Combustible under specific conditions. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
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| Brandpotenzial | It is non combustible. |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane: |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | Target organs are skin, eyes, CNS, and liver. [NIOSH] A skin and eye irritantMay cause CNS effects[ICSC] An irritant and lachrymatorMay cause CNS depression, albuminuria, hematuria, hepatomegaly, jaundice, nephritis, polyneuritis, and skin and eye burnsNo evidence of carcinogenicity in mice, equivocal evidence in male rats, and no evidence in female rats[NTP] An irritant that may cause serious eye injuryHarmful by ingestion and inhalationTargets the nerves, liver, and kidney[Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane.A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant[CAMEO] See 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane. |
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| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1702 151 |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
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| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: II |
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| Special Reports | DHHS/NTPCarcinogenesis Studies of 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Technical Report Series No. 237 (1983) NIH Publication No. 83-1793Ontario Ministry of EnvironmentScientific Criteria Document for the Development of Provincial Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorinated Ethanes and Chlorinated Ethylenes. NTIS/MIC-94-01680 (1994)Rastogi SCBull Environ Contam Toxicol 51 (4): 501-7 (1993). Determination of various solvents in model and hobby glues.Harmful Substances - Clean Air in the Workplace - Proceedings of the European Community Conference on July 2, 1992 in Dresden 152 pp. (1992) Requirements placed by the European Community on air quality monitoring in the workplace. |
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| RCRA-Anforderungen | U208As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
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| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . Give one or two glasses of water to drink. |
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| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.(General first aid procedures) |
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| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from strong oxidants and strong bases. Well closed. |
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| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Tetrachloroethane/Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon monoxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. |
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| Lagerbedingungen | Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from potassiumsodiumdinitrogen tetraoxidepotassium hydroxidenitrogen tetraoxidesodium potassium alloy2,4-dinitrophenyl disulfide. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of this chemical should be grounded and bonded.Before being stored or transported over longer periods of time, chlorinated ethanes ... should be carefully analyzed for water, free acid, and stabilizers because decomposition may lead to excessive corrosion. ... Chlorinated ethanes should not be brought into contact with tanks, containers, valves, etc made of aluminum. /Chloroethanes/ |
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| Reinigungsverfahren | Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment for the area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand,earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | [40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2006)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U208, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable methods: Incineration & evaporation. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer. Dilute with kerosene or fuel oil due to high chlorine content. Evaporate small amt only.SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
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| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. |
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| Preventive Measures | /1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane should be/ handled in the workplace with caution. Exposures should be minimized due to the structural similarity to the carcinogenic chloroethanes.If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Tetrachloroethane/Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Tetrachloroethane/The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| Cancer Sites | Hepatic |
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| Zielorgane | HepaticEyes, skin, central nervous system, liver |
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| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill, weight 0.32-1.2 g)Conditions: freshwater, static, 21-23 °C, pH 6.5-7.9, hardness 32-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 28-34 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 93-190 umhos/cm, dissolved oxygen 0.3-9.7 mg/LConcentration: 20 mg/L for 24 hr /> or =80% purity/Concentration: 20 mg/L for 96 hr (16-24 mg/L) /> or =80% purity/Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age <24 hr)Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 8.0 (7.4-9.4), hardness 173 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >60%Concentration: 27000 ug/L for 24 hr (22000-35000 ug/L) />80% purity/Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 8.0 (7.4-9.4), hardness 173 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.5-9.1 mg/LConcentration: 24000 ug/L for 48 hr (17000-30000 ug/L) />80% purity/Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka, high-eyes)Conditions: freshwater, static, 30 °CConcentration: 39000 ug/L for 24 hrConditions: freshwater, static, 20 °CConcentration: 44000 ug/L for 24 hr |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 399(2) indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.50X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12.0 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data are not available for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane(SRC, 2008)however, biodegradation data for the isomer 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane indicate that degradation will be slow under aerobic conditions, but may proceed under anaerobic conditions(5).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 399(2) indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.50X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.2 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 12(SRC), from a water solubility of 1.07X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C(6) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to be slow under environmental conditions based on reported half-lives of 46.8 and 350 years at 25 °C and pH 7(7,8). Biodegradation data are not available for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane(SRC, 2008)however, biodegradation data for the isomer 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane indicate that degradation will be slow under aerobic conditions, but may proceed under anaerobic conditions(9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 12.0 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is calculated to be 891 days(SRC), based on a rate constant of 1.80X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
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| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was detected in one out of 234 table-ready food items tested during the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study(1). Cheddar cheese contained 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 53.0 ppb(1). |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
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| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Vomiting.Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.Redness. Pain.Burning sensation. Headache. Nausea.irritation eyes, skinlassitude (weakness, exhaustion), restlessness, irreg respiration, muscle incoordinationIn Animals: liver changes |
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| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=630-20-6] |
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| Effluent Concentrations | In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence, median concn in ppb): organics and plastics (127.4), inorganic chemicals (414.8), electronics (1272.6)(1). The highest effluent concn was 272.6 ppb in the electronics industry(1). |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. |
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| EPA IRIS Information | 1,1,1,2-TetrachloroethaneHepatic3 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day |
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| TSCA-Anforderungen | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulagated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is included on this list. Effective date 6/1/87Sunset date 12/19/95. |
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| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
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| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Chlorinated ethanes/ |
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| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (CT) CONNECTICUT 21 ug/l(FL) FLORIDA 1 ug/l(ME) MAINE 13 ug/l(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l |
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| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | EPA 70 ug/l |
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