Dioctadecyl-3,3'-thiodipropionat

Plastics -> Antioxidants

Plastics -> Polyolefin-I; Polyolefin-II; ABS; PET; PA

Cosmetic ingredients (Distearyl Thiodipropionate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Antioxidant

White flakes

Crystals

Insoluble in water

Water solubility: <0.001 g/L at 20 °C

Very soluble in benzene and olefin polymeres

BP: 250 °C at 1 mm Hg

Boiling Point: >300 °C; decomposes at 300 °C

CBI; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals

White solid; [Hawley] White paste; [MSDSonline]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 85.9% (477 of 555) of all reports.

H412 (10.8%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 555 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, dioctadecyl ester

Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, 1,1'-dioctadecyl ester is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, 1,1'-dioctadecyl ester are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 17-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13363

Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, dioctadecyl ester: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Oral LD50 (rat) >2500 mg/kg; [ChemIDplus] It is toxic to rats if added to food at 3% for 24 months--retards animal growth; [HSDB] No effects observed in a 2-year feeding study of rats at doses up to 1125 mg/kg-bw/day, the highest dose tested; Not irritating to rabbit skin or eye; Not mutagenic in in vitro tests; [EPA Hazard Characterization Document: Thiobis Propanoic Acid Derivatives - 2010]

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1X10+10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that distearyl thiodipropionate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of distearyl thiodipropionate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2), however, distearyl thiopropionate's strong adsorption to soil that will attenuate volatilization(SRC). Distearyl thiodipropionate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.95X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). An 82% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(4) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, results of several biodegradation tests (OECD methods 301B, 301C, 301D) reported biodegradation of 0 to 40% which classify distearyl thiopropionate as not readily biodegradable(3,5); OECD method 302C observed degradation of 60% which indicates inherently biodegradable(3,5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1X10+10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that distearyl thiodipropionate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.1 and 16 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 100 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 17.7(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.077 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(6); this corresponds to half-lives of 2.8 years and 104 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(SRC). An 82% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). However, results of several biodegradation tests (OECD methods 301B, 301C, 301D) reported biodegradation of 0 to 40% which classify distearyl thiopropionate as not readily biodegradable(8,9); OECD method 302C observed degradation of 60% which indicates inherently biodegradable(8,9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), distearyl thiodipropionate, which has a vapor pressure of 4.95X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase distearyl thiodipropionate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase distearyl thiodipropionate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

The CIR Expert Panel concludes that Dilauryl Thiodipropionate, Thiodipropionic Acid, Dicetyl Thiodipropionate, Dimyristyl Thiodipropionate, Distearyl Thiodipropionate, and Ditridecyl Thiodipropionate are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration given in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of distearyl thiodipropionate can be estimated to be 1X10+10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that distearyl thiodipropionate is expected to be immobile in soil.

AEROBIC: Distearyl thiodipropionate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 82% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1); a theoretical BOD of 60% or higher indicates readily biodegradable(1). Using OECD Method 301B (Modified Sturm Test CO2 Evolution, 28-day incubation), distearyl thiodipropionate had a 15% CO2 evolution (11.3 mg/L concentration) and a 2% CO2 evolution (23.9 mg/L concentration) which is classified as not readily biodegradable(2,3). Using OECD Method 301C (Modified MITI Test, 28-day incubation), distearyl thiodipropionate had an average of 40% theoretical BOD in five tests which is classified as not readily biodegradable(2,3). Using OECD Method 301D (Closed Bottle Test, 30-day incubation), distearyl thiodipropionate had a degradation of 0% which is classified as not readily biodegradable(2,3). Using OECD Method 302C (Modified MITI Test II), distearyl thiodipropionate reached 60% of its theoretical BOD which is classified as inherently biodegradable(2,3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for distearyl thiodipropionate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 17.7(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for distearyl thiodipropionate is estimated as 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dilauryl thiodipropionate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.1 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 100 years if adsorption is considered(3). Distearyl thiodipropionate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.95X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(4).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ THE ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY IS RELATIVELY SLIGHT FOR MICE AND RATS, WHICH TOLERATE...2 G/KG DOSES OF /DISTEARYL THIODIPROPIONATE/...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ WITH RATS.../IT IS/ TOXIC WHEN ADDED TO THE FOOD IN 3.0% CONCN FOR 24 MO. AT 1.0% & 3.0% CONCN...RETARD/S/ GROWTH OF THE ANIMAL.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Thiodipropionic acid or its dilauryl or distearyl ester was fed to groups of 20 rats each at levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% in the diet for a period of two years. No discernible adverse effects were observed in any of the experimental animals, as determined by growth rate, mortality, and pathological examination.

/GENOTOXICITY/ /The cytogenetic toxicity of Distearyl thiodipropionate was evaluated in a chromosome aberration assay in Chinese hamster V79 cells at concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 6.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, and 300.0 ug/mL and found to be negative with and without metabolic activation./

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of distearyl thiodipropionate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.077 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2.8 years and 104 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(SRC).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of distearyl thiodipropionate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 20,401 workers (11,757 of these were female) were potentially exposed to distearyl thiodipropionate in the US(1).

Distearyl thiodipropionate's production and use as an antioxidant, plasticizer and softening agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.95X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates distearyl thiodipropionate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase distearyl thiodipropionate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.6 hours. Particulate-phase distearyl thiodipropionate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. If released to soil, distearyl thiodipropionate is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1X10+10. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole, however, distearyl thiopropionate's strong adsorption to soil will attenuate volatilization. Distearyl thiodipropionate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 4.95X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C. An 82% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. However, results of several biodegradation tests (OECD methods 301B, 301C, 301D) reported biodegradation of 0 to 40% which classify distearyl thiopropionate as not readily biodegradable; OECD method 302C observed degradation of 60% which indicates inherently biodegradable. If released into water, distearyl thiodipropionate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.1 and 16 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is slow based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 2.8 years and 104 days at pH values of 7 and 8 (25 °C), respectively. Occupational exposure to distearyl thiodipropionate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dilauryl thiodipropionate is produced or used. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), dicetyl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, and ditridecyl thiodipropionate are dialkyl esters of their respective alcohols and thiodipropionic acid (TDPA) used in cosmetics. Ingested DLTDP was excreted in the urine as TDPA. Single-dose acute oral and parenteral studies and subchronic and chronic repeated dose oral studies did not suggest significant toxicity. Neither DLTDP nor TDPA was irritating to animal skin or eyes and they were not sensitizers. TDPA was neither a teratogen nor a reproductive toxicant. Genotoxicity studies were negative for TDPA and DLTDP. Clinical testing demonstrated some evidence of irritation but no sensitization or photosensitization. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considered that the data from DLTDP reasonably may be extrapolated to the other dialkyl esters and concluded that these ingredients were safe for use in cosmetic products that are formulated to be nonirritating.

...LAURYL THIODIPROPIONATE IS ABSORBED FROM INTESTINAL TRACT OF DOG, RABBITS, AND RAT, & A LARGE PART IS ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY BY KIDNEYS, AS THIODIPROPIONIC ACID. WITH THE SAME ANIMALS /DISTEARYL THIODIPROPIONATE/...APPEAR/S/ TO BE ABSORBED WITH GREAT DIFFICULTY...ALTHOUGH SOME APPEARS IN URINE GREATER PART...IN FECES.

CIR ingredient: Distearyl Thiodipropionate

Used as antioxidant for polypropylene, polyethylene, thermoplastics, rubbers, fats, and vegetable oils; Also used as a plasticizer and as a preservative in animal feed; [HSDB]

Farming (Feed Additives) [Category: Industry]

SYNERGIST /PRC: WITH PRIMARY ANTIOXIDANTS/ FOR VEGETABLE OILS

Antioxidant, plasticizer, softening agent.

Used as a secondary antioxidant in a variety of polymer systems including polyolefins, ABS, styrene-butadiene emulsions and certain adhesives. These antioxidants are added to help preserve the integrity of the plastics to which they are added. Common commercial products that may contain low levels of these antioxidants include household appliances such as coffee makers, food packaging trays like those found at the grocers, plastic patio furniture, and plastic covering for wire. In addition to these uses, distearyl thiodipropionate is FDA approved for use in food-packaging under specific listings in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 21-Food and Drugs Chapter I-Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, and DLTDP has both human and animal GRAS applications.

(1979) No Data

(1981) No Data

(1979) No Data

(1981) No Data

2023: 4,000,000 - <5,500,000 lb

(1981) 1.06X10+9 GRAMS

Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, dioctadecyl ester is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5532]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, 1,1'-dioctadecyl ester. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million pounds.

Food Additives -> ANTIOXIDANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Plastics -> Polymer Type -> Polyolefin-I; Polyolefin-II; ABS; PET; PA

Plastics -> Antioxidants

Cosmetics -> Antioxidant

Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing

Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, 1,1'-dioctadecyl ester: ACTIVE