Dichlor(phenyl)arsin

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P036, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A poor candidate for incineration.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

0.0055 [mg/m3]

0.061 [mg/m3]

0.18 [mg/m3]

For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)

Casualty management requires protective mask with charcoal inserts & protective clothing.

Protection required- Protective mask & permeable protective clothing for vapor & small droplets; impermeable protective clothing for protection against large droplets, splashes, & smears. /From table/

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 820(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that phenyldichloroarsine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phenyldichloroarsine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, phenyldichloroarsine rapidly hydrolyzes in water(4); therefore, volatilization may be less important than estimated(SRC). Phenyldichloroarsine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.13X10-1 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 820(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that phenyldichloroarsine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 31 hours and 19 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 46(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.1(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). However, phenyldichloroarsine rapidly hydrolyzes in water(7); therefore, volatilization and bioconcentration may be less important than estimated(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phenyldichloroarsine, which has a vapor pressure of 1.13X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase phenyldichloroarsine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for phenyldichloroarsine can be estimated to be 820(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that phenyldichloroarsine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

TOXIC BY INGESTION & INHALATION, STRONG IRRITANT TO EYES, SKIN, AND TISSUE.

Phenyldichloroarsine (PD) is a variant of Lewisite, is very irritating to eyes & mucous membranes, & causes rapid blister formation on exposed skin (0.5-1 hr). Exposure to this agent can cause nausea & vomiting.

Median incapacitating dosage (ICt50)- 16 mg/min/cu m as a vomiting agent; 1800 mg/min/cu m as a blistering agent. /From table/

Phenyldichloroarsine's former production as a poison gas and solvent(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). However, evidence supporting phenyldichloroarsine's use as a poison gas in war was not located in the literature(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 46 was calculated for phenyldichloroarsine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.1(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, phenyldichloroarsine rapidly hydrolyzes in water(4); therefore, bioconcentration may be less than estimated(SRC).

P036; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when phenyldichloroarsine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Arsonous dichloride, phenyl- is included on this list.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Phenyldichloroarsine is included on this list.

(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Phenyldichloroarsine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/l /Arsenic/

Used as a lachrymator and a solvent for diphenylcyanoarsine; [Hawley]

Lacrymator poison gas; solvent for diphenylcyanoarsine

MEDICATION

Phenyldichloroarsine belongs to the group of chemical warfare agents known as blister agents or vesicants. It is also considered a vomiting/incapacitating agent. Due to its toxicity, it is nowadays considered obsolete. (L368)