1-Chloro-2-fluoroethane

Very soluble in alcohol, ether

In water, 2440 mg/l @ 25 °C

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING THE POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Dangerous; When heated to decomp ... they evolve highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride/

Dangerous; when heated to decomp ... they emit highly toxic fumes. /Fluorides/

Zakhari S, Aviado DM; Cardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related Solvents; Target Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pages; Raven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.

ALL FLUOROCARBONS WILL UNDERGO THERMAL DECOMPOSITION WHEN EXPOSED TO FLAME OR RED-HOT METAL. DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF THE CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS WILL INCLUDE HYDROFLUORIC & HYDROCHLORIC ACID ALONG WITH SMALLER AMOUNTS OF PHOSGENE & CARBONYL FLUORIDE. THE LAST COMPOUND IS VERY UNSTABLE TO HYDROLYSIS & QUICKLY CHANGES TO HYDROFLUORIC ACID & CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF MOISTURE. /FLUOROCARBONS/

IN CONTACT WITH OPEN FLAME OR VERY HOT SURFACE FLUOROCARBONS MAY DECOMP INTO HIGHLY IRRITANT & TOXIC GASES: CHLORINE, HYDROGEN FLUORIDE OR CHLORIDE, & EVEN PHOSGENE. /FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANT & PROPELLANTS/

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING THE POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Dangerous ... on contact with acid or acid fumes, they emit highly toxic fumes. /Fluorides/

DANGEROUS ... ON CONTACT WITH ACIDS OR ACID FUMES THEY EVOLVE HIGHLY TOXIC CHLORIDE FUMES. /CHLORIDES/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Because of recent discovery of potential ozone decomposition in the stratosphere by fluorotrichloromethane, this material should be released to the environment only as a last resort. Waste material should be /recovered and/ returned to the vendor, or to licensed waste disposal company.

SUFFICIENT EXHAUST & GENERAL VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO KEEP VAPOR CONCN BELOW RECOMMENDED LEVELS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

INHALATION OF FLUOROCARBON VAPORS SHOULD BE AVOIDED. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Forced air ventilation at the level of vapor concentration together with the use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize the risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Fluorocarbons/

Enclosure of process materials and isolation of reaction vessels and proper design and operation of filling heads for packaging and shipping /are administrative controls that may be instituted to limit occupational exposure to fluorocarbons during manufacture, packaging, and use/. /Fluorocarbons/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2-FLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Many of the fluorocarbons are good solvents of skin oil, so protective ointment should be used. /Fluorocarbons/

NEOPRENE GLOVES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, & EYE PROTECTION MINIMIZE RISK OF TOPICAL CONTACT. DEGREASING EFFECT ON SKIN CAN BE TREATED WITH LANOLIN OINTMENT. /FLUOROCARBONS/

FORCED AIR VENTILATION @ LEVEL OF VAPOR CONCN TOGETHER WITH USE OF INDIVIDUAL BREATHING DEVICES WITH INDEPENDENT AIR SUPPLY WILL MINIMIZE RISK OF INHALATION. LIFELINES SHOULD BE WORN WHEN ENTERING TANKS OR OTHER CONFINED SPACES. /FLUOROCARBONS/

IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

... THE COMBINATION OF FLUOROCARBON WITH A SYMPATHOMIMETIC BRONCHODILATOR IS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. FOR THE SAME REASON, SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN CARDIAC RESUSCITATION OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FLUOROCARBON POISONING. /FLUOROCARBON POISONING/

EXCESSIVE SKIN CONTACT WITH LIQ FLUOROCARBONS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED TO PREVENT DEFATTING OF SKIN ... /FLUOROCARBONS/

FLUOROCARBON VAPORS ARE 4 TO 5 TIMES HEAVIER THAN AIR. THUS HIGH CONCN TEND TO ACCUMULATE IN LOW-LYING AREAS, RESULTING IN HAZARD OF INHALATION OF CONCENTRATED VAPORS, WHICH MAY BE FATAL. /FLUOROCARBONS/

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS EXPOSED TO FLUOROCARBONS IN THE PREPN OF FROZEN TISSUE SECTIONS HAVE BEEN SEEN TO DEVELOP CORONARY HEART DISEASE. /FLUOROCARBONS/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2-FLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EARLY ANIMAL ... WORK INDICATED THAT HIGH VAPOR CONCN (EG, 20%) MAY CAUSE CONFUSION, PULMONARY IRRITATION, TREMORS & RARELY COMA, BUT THAT THESE EFFECTS WERE GENERALLY TRANSIENT & WITHOUT LATE SEQUELAE. /FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS & PROPELLANTS/

As a low pressure fluorocarbon, FC 142b has a level of toxicity lower than FC 11 & FC 114, but higher than FC C-318. The known range of effect of FC 142b is less than that of FC 114. The following characteristics of FC 114 are not observed when FC 142b is administered; cardiac arrhythmia & tachycardia in the monkey, epinephrine-induced arrhythmia in the mouse, decreased pulmonary compliance in the dog, & bronchoconstriction & early respiratory depression in the monkey. On the contrary, FC 142b is a respiratory stimulant in the monkey & the dog, & this fluorocarbon is the only one known to exert a nondepressant CNS effect in two animal species. /Fluorocarbons/

The inhalation toxicity of a series of fluorinated ethanes which are metabolized to fluoroacetate were studied in the male CD-rat. When the rats were exposed by inhalation to 1,2-difluoroethane, 1-chloro-2-fluoroethane, 1-bromo-2-fluoroethane, or 1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethane for 4 hours, the lethal concentrations for each compound were less than 100 parts per million (ppm). Tests with 1,1-difluoroethane showed a 4 hour median lethal dose of over 400,000 ppm in rats. Clinical signs of fluoroacetate toxicity were noted including lethargy, hunched posture, and convulsions. Concentrations of citrate increased in serum and heart tissue on exposure to 1,2-difluoroethane, 1-chloro-2-fluoroethane, 1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethane, and 1-bromo-2-fluoroethane. Fluoroacetate was present in the urine of rats exposed to each of the toxic compounds. Rats exposed to 1,2-difluoroethane showed fluorocitrate in the kidneys. Rats exposed to 1,2-difluoroethane showed a concentration related elevation of serum and heart citrate up to 1000 ppm of the compound. Serum citrate was up five fold and heart citrate 11 fold over control levels. The authors suggest that the metabolism of the toxic fluoroethane was initiated at the carbon/hydrogen bond, with metabolism to fluoroacetate via an aldehyde or an acyl fluoride. The authors conclude that 1-(di)halo-2-fluoroethanes are highly toxic to rats and should be viewed as a hazard to humans.

In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of Refrigerant 114 might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. ... In persons with impaired cardiovascular function, especially those with history of cardiac arrhythmias, the inhalation of Refrigerant 114 might cause exacerbation of disorders of the conduction mechanism due to sensitizing effects on the myocardium. /Freon 114/

IT IS POSSIBLE THAT PT WITH CARDIAC OR RESP DISORDERS MAY PROVE ESP SUSCEPTIBLE. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Emergency treatment is supportive and includes decontamination, oxygen, and any specific therapy required in a particular case such as antiarrhythmics or anticonvulsants. A few patients may require intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, dialysis, or treatment for hepatic failure. /Solvent abuse/

... In persons who are intoxicated with fluorocarbons, steps can be taken to lessen the risk of arrhythmias. ... Before evaluation at the hospital, patients should be advised to avoid strenuous exercise. In the hospital, patients can be placed in a quiet, nonthreatening environment and sedated if necessary. If hypoxic, oxygen should be administered and metabolic abnormalities corrected. Sympathomimetic drugs should be avoided. Ventricular arrhythmias are best treated with beta-blocking agents. /Fluorocarbons/

Patients with fluorohydrocarbon poisoning should not be given epinephrine (Adrenalin) or similar drugs because of the tendency of fluorohydrocarbon to induce cardiac arrhythmia, including ventricular fibrillation. /Fluorohydrocarbons/

Victims of Freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, and cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, and high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema and treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenergic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin and countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40 to 42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb and standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation and slit-lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/

... IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

... MAIN FACTOR AFFECTING FATE OF FLUOROCARBONS IS BODY FAT, WHERE THEY ARE CONCENTRATED & SLOWLY RELEASED INTO BLOOD @ CONCN THAT SHOULD NOT CAUSE ANY RISK OF CARDIAC SENSITIZATION. /FLUOROCARBONS/

THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROCARBONS IN BRAIN, LIVER & LUNG COMPARED TO BLOOD LEVELS, SIGNIFYING A TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF FLUOROCARBONS SIMILAR TO THAT OF CHLOROFORM. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Absorption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/

Although fluorocarbons cause cardiac sensitization in certain animal species, rapid elimination prevents the development of cardiotoxic concentrations from aerosol bronchodilator use except at exceedingly high doses (12 to 24 doses in 2 minutes). /Fluorocarbons/

FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS ARE LIPID-SOLUBLE AND THUS ARE GENERALLY WELL ABSORBED THROUGH LUNG. ABSORPTION AFTER INGESTION IS 35 TO 48 TIMES LOWER THAN AFTER INHALATION. ... FLUOROCARBONS ARE ELIMINATED BY WAY OF LUNG. /FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS/

Fluorocarbons are used in refrigeration and air conditioning; [HSDB]

MECHANICAL VAPOR COMPRESSION SYSTEMS USE FLUOROCARBONS FOR REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING & ACCOUNT FOR ... MAJORITY OF REFRIGERATION CAPABILITY IN US. ... FLUOROCARBONS ARE USED AS REFRIGERANTS IN HOME APPLIANCES, MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING UNITS, RETAIL FOOD REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS & ... CHILLERS. /FLUOROCARBONS/