| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 10.3% (57 of 556) of reports.WarningH280 (89.7%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P410+P403</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P410+P403">P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 556 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 27-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/151551,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant gas R134A): Non hazardous |
|---|
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-: Environment tier II assessment |
|---|
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Non-Flammable Gas |
|---|
| Brandgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:· Some may burn but none ignite readily.Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
|---|
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
|---|
| Gefahrenübersicht | Evaporating liquid can cause frostbiteInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmias[ICSC] |
|---|
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 3159 126 |
|---|
| Reaktive Gruppe | Fluorinated Organic Compounds |
|---|
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 2.2 |
|---|
| Special Reports | Danish EPASurvey of selected fluorinated green-house gases, 75-37-6 (2006)[Available from, as of March 3, 2016: http://eng.mst.dk/]Zakhari S, Aviado DMCardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related SolventsTarget Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pagesRaven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.Nimitz JS, Skaggs SREstimating Tropospheric Lifetimes and Ozone-depletion Potentials of One- and Two-carbon Hydrofluorocarbons and HydrochlorofluorocarbonsEnviron Sci Technol 26 (4): 739-44 (1992). Tropospheric lifetimes and ozone depletion potentials are estimated for all 53 possible one and two carbon hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons. |
|---|
| TSCA-Anforderungen | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- is included on this list. Effective date: 9/15/90Sunset date: 11/9/93. |
|---|
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Residues of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Aerosol propellant. |
|---|
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. |
|---|
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. |
|---|
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material. |
|---|
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:General First Aid: |
|---|
| Sichere Lagerung | Fireproof. Keep in a well-ventilated room. |
|---|
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).1000.0 [ppm] |
|---|
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. |
|---|
| Lagerbedingungen | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. |
|---|
| Reinigungsverfahren | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areasEnvironmental precautions: Do not let product enter drainsMethods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Ventilate the area. |
|---|
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: |
|---|
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this materialContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
|---|
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. |
|---|
| Körperbelastung | 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane concentrations in blood and exhaled air of healthy volunteers after 8-hour simulated exposure decreased rapidly(1). |
|---|
| Wechselwirkungen | Although immunization injections are the most common painful medical procedures, pain-relieving interventions are not routinely used. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the effectiveness of topical anesthesia using liposomal lidocaine to: (1) vapocoolant spray using a proprietary blend of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(2) nurse-administered tactile stimulationor (3) self-directed distraction by means of reading a magazine. Liposomal lidocaine was more effective (p<or=0.05) than distraction, as assessed by self-reported pain using the visual analog scale and global report, but did not differ from either vapocoolant spray or tactile stimulation. This information can be incorporated in immunization programs.The authors used a split-mouth design to determine the effectiveness of a refrigerant compared with that of a topical anesthetic gel in reducing the pain experienced during a posterior palatal anesthetic injection. Sixteen participants received a five-second application of a refrigerant (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane/1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and a two-minute application of a topical anesthetic gel (20 percent benzocaine gel) in the posterior palatal area before an injection of a local anesthetic solution was administered with a 30-gauge needle. Participants rated the pain they experienced after each injection by using a 100-millimeter visual analog scale (VAS) with endpoints of "no pain" and "worst possible pain." The authors calculated VAS scores by measuring the distance in millimeters from the no pain end of the scale. They analyzed data with a paired t test (alpha = .05). The group receiving the refrigerant had a mean VAS score of 17.7 +/- 15.3 mm, and the group receiving the topical anesthetic gel had a VAS score of 26.2 +/- 18.0 mm. The use of the refrigerant compared with the use of topical anesthetic gel significantly reduced the pain experienced during administration of local anesthetic injections (P = .02). The use of a refrigerant as a preinjection anesthetic was more effective compared with the use of a topical anesthetic gel in reducing the pain experienced by participants who received a posterior palatal injection. The potential benefits of using a refrigerant rather than a topical anesthetic gel are pain reduction, decreased application time, ease of application and avoidance of displeasing taste. |
|---|
| Zielorgane | Reproductive |
|---|
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported log Koc value of 0.91 in soil(2) indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.05 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4990 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Using aerobic screening tests, 4% biodegradation was observed(5) and little to no degradation was seen anaerobically(6-7), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported log Koc value of 0.91 in soil(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.05 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in the environment since this chemical lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9)(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 6(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.68(7) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using aerobic screening tests, 4% biodegradation was observed(8) and little to no degradation was seen anaerobically(9-10), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 4990 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.2-11.6 years(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 3.8X10-15 to 8.44X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec(3-7). 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(8) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Atmospheric life-times for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane have been reported as 13.1-16.3 years(4-5,9-12). 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane has estimated 20, 100 and 500 year Global Warming Potentials of 3300-4845, 1300-1896 and 420-589, respectively(4-5,9-12). |
|---|
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
|---|
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. |
|---|
| Toxizitätsübersicht | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is a colorless gas with a faint odor. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. It is used as refrigerant, propellant for pharmaceuticals, blowing agent for foams. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Exposure of healthy volunteers to exposure levels up to 8000 ppm HFC-134a did not result in any adverse effects on pulse, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, or lung function. There is a report of extrinsic allergic alveolitis with eosinophil infiltration, caused by HFC-134a. In other case, intentional inhalation of a commercial air-dusting agent containing HFC-134a led to severe orofacial and digital frostbite. ANIMAL STUDIES: HFC- 134a can induce cardiac sensitization in dogs at levels of 80,000 ppm (8% v/v) and higher following exogenous epinephrine challenge. In the rat repeated exposure to 50,000 ppm HFC- 134a for 13, 52, and 104 weeks elicited no effect on clinical condition, growth, and survival, or on a variety of hematological, clinical chemistry, and urinary parameters. There was no effect of treatment on the type, incidence, site or severity of neoplasms in mice or rats exposed to HFC-134a. A reduction in maternal weight gain in rabbits exposed to 40,000 ppm (166,800 mg/cu m) HFC-134a and signs of delayed fetal development in rats following exposure of the dams to 50,000 ppm (208,500 mg/cu m) was noted. HFC-134a was not active in the Ames test, cytogenetics and in vivo micronucleus assays, but it did induce unscheduled DNA synthesis. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The low toxicity of this compound to the few aquatic organisms tested as well as high volatility indicate negligible risk to aquatic organisms. |
|---|
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The low toxicity of this compound to the few aquatic organisms tested as well as high volatility indicate negligible risk to aquatic organisms. |
|---|
| Signs and Symptoms | Dizziness. Drowsiness. Lethargy.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE. |
|---|
| Effluent Concentrations | 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane has been shown to be emitted from foam in landfills(1). 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane was detected in the emissions of hydrofluorocarbon packaging in The Netherlands in 1990 at a rate of 39 kilo tons CO2 equivalents/year(2). The emission of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles was 0.06 and 0.02 mg/km, respectively, measured from studies conducted Sept 17 to Oct 20, 2002 from road traffic in Switzerland(3). Emissions of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from 28 light duty vehicles (manufactured 1997-2000) from five manufacturers (Ford, Toyota, Daimler Chrysler, General Motors Honda) that contain air conditioning units that use 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane had an estimated global warming impact of 4-5% of the carbon dioxide released from the same vehicles(4). |
|---|
| ICSC Environmental Data | This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. |
|---|
| EPA IRIS Information | 1,1,1,2-TetrafluoroethaneReproductive8 x 10 ^1 mg/m^3 |
|---|
