Bleichromatmolybdatsulfatrot

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

0.0016 [mg/m3]

0.32 [mg/m3]

97 [mg/m3]

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. /Soluble Molybdenum cmpd (as Molybdenum); Molybdenum and insoluble molybdenum cmpd/

Respirator selection: Upper limit devices recommended by ACGIH: Up to 50 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator; up to 100 mg/cu m: any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter mask respirators or any supplied air respirator or any self contained breathing apparatus; up to 250 mg/cu m: any powered air purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter or any supplied air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode; up to 500 mg/cu m: any air purifying full facepiece respirator with a high efficiency particulate filter or any powered air purifying respirator with a tight fitting facepiece and a high efficiency particulate filter or any supplied air respirator with a tight fitting facepiece operated in a continuous flow mode or any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece or any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece; up to 7500 mg/cu m: any supplied air respirator with a half mask and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; Emergency or planned entry in unknown concentration or IDLH conditions: any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode or any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape: any air purifying full facepiece respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern and having a high efficiency particulate filter or any appropriate escape type self contained breathing apparatus. /Molybdenum, insoluble compounds (as Mo)/

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to molybdenum and insoluble molybdenum compounds at potentially hazardous levels: Initial medical screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions /kidney disease; chronic respiratory disease; liver disease/ which might place the employee at increased risk from molybdenum and insoluble molybdenum compounds exposure. Periodic medical exam: Any employee developing the above listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination. /Molybdenum and insoluble molybdenum compounds/

Dry Color Manufacturers Association; The Effects of a Range of Chromium-Containing Materials on Rat Lungs, (1983), EPA Document No. 8EHQ-1183-0318, Fiche No. OTS0200607.

Dye Color Manufacturers Association; Initial submission: 90-Day Subacute Oral Toxicity with Silica Encapsulated Molybdate Orange in Albino Rats. (1976), EPA Document No. 8EHQ-1092-11320, Fiche No. OTS0571258

Dye Color Manufacturers Association; Initial Submission: Letter from Ciba-Geigy Corp to USEPA Regarding 90-Day Subacute Oral Toxicity Studies w/ Molybdate Orange in Beagle Dogs (1992). EPA Document No. 8EHQ-1092-11542, Fiche No. OTS05714732.

Dye Color Manufacturers Associaiton; Initial Submission: Letter From Ciba-Geigy Corp to USEPA Regarding Subacute Oral Toxicity Studies of Molybdate Orange in Rats. (1976). EPA Document No. 8EHQ-1092-11282, Fiche No. OTS0571220.

Dye Colors Manufacturers Association; Initial Submission: Ninety-Day Subacute Oral Toxicity Study with Silica Encapsulated Molybdate Orange in Beagle Dogs, (1976), EPA Document 8EHQ-1092-11997, Fiche No. OTS0555656.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms as a result of exposure: Respiratory & nasal septum irritations; leukocytosis, leukopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia; eye injury, conjunctivitis, skin injury, sensitization dermatitis. /Lead chromate/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CHROMIUM CMPD (CR6+) CAUSES DERMATITIS, PENETRATING ULCERS ON HANDS & FOREARMS, PERFORATION OF NASAL SEPTUM, & INFLAMMATION OF LARYNX & LIVER. /LEAD CHROMATE/

/CASE REPORTS/ In 1954, the average air lead level in a privately owned lead plant was 1000 times the current standard, and all female employees were found to have lead poisoning. Lead poisoing was no longer found among employees after the plant merged into a government enterprise. Females were found to be more sensitive to lead poisoning than were men. Rates of threatened abortions were significantly higher among female workers exposed to lead chromate, and nursing babies of mothers with lead poisoning were diagnosed as having lead poisoning. /Lead chromate/

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ In 1975, five manufacturers of chromate pigment in Japan were examined in a study of the carcinogenicity of chromates. These companies were producing lead chromate, zinc chromate, molybdate orange and/or strontium chromate. The current study covers a cohort of 666 workers involved in the manufacture of chromate pigment for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1975. The workers were followed up for 15-40 years, until 1989. Many previous reports have found an excess lung cancer risk among workers involved in the manufacture of chromate pigments and chromate chemicals. In the current study, subjects were classified on the basis of years worked, years of observation, characteristics of company, type of work engaged in for the longest period of time, and involvement in the manufacture of zinc chromate. Mortality was compared with that of all Japanese males by means of the person-year method. The route of exposure was primarily inhalation through the respiratory system. None of the results showed statistically significant differences that would suggest an excess risk for malignant neoplasms, particularly lung cancer, among workers engaged in the manufacture of chromate pigment in Japan.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for C.I. PIGMENT RED 104 (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ The only molybdenum compound that has been shown to produce tumors in animals is the inorganic pigment, molybdenum orange, a lead chromate, sulfate, and molybdate compound. In this work, 30 mg of the compound in 1 ml of saline was administered to 20 male and 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 13 weeks old. The dose was delivered by subcutaneous injection. After 17 weeks 90% of the animals developed sarcomas at the injection site. None of the controls that received 1 ml of saline developed sarcomas at the injection site. However, since both lead and chromate are contained in this pigment, it is possible that the effect was due to one or both of those metals and not molybdenum.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ ... EXPERIMENTS /WITH RATS/ LASTING 27 MO GAVE FOLLOWING NUMBER OF TUMORS @ SITE OF INTRAPLEURAL INJECTION (DETAILS OF DOSE & TUMOR TYPE NOT GIVEN): ... LEAD CHROMATE, 3/34 (32 ALIVE @ 1 YR) ... NONE OF THE CONTROL RATS SHOWED TUMORS. /LEAD CHROMATE/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ /INVESTIGATORS/ ... TESTED ... /SEVERAL/ COMPOUNDS BY IM IMPLANTATION & FOUND THE FOLLOWING INCIDENCE OF IMPLANTATION-SITE SARCOMAS AFTER 27 MO IN GROUPS OF 22-34 RATS ... ... LEAD CHROMATE, 1/33 (28 ALIVE @ 1 YR) ... NONE OF THE 35 CONTROL RATS GIVEN IMPLANTS OF SHEEP FAT ALONE DEVELOPED LOCAL TUMORS. /LEAD CHROMATE/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ NO LUNG TUMORS WERE FOUND ... IN 8 RABBITS EXPOSED ON 4 DAYS/WK FOR UP TO 50 MO TO A MIXED CHROMATE DUST BY INHALATION OR IN 10 RABBITS EXPOSED TO SIMILAR MATERIAL BY INTRATRACHEAL INJECTION. SIMILAR STUDIES WITH ... LEAD CHROMATE IN 7 RABBITS ALSO GAVE NEGATIVE RESULTS. /LEAD CHROMATE/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for C.I. PIGMENT RED 104 (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Results of epidemiologic studies of chromium-exposed workers are consistent across investigators and study populations. Dose-response relationships have been established for chromium exposure and lung cancer. Chromium-exposed workers are exposed to both chromium III and chromium VI compounds. Because only chromium VI has been found to be carcinogenic in animal studies, however, it was concluded that only chromium VI should be classified as a human carcinogen. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Sufficient animal evidence. Ten rat bioassays and one mouse assay have shown statistically significant increases in renal tumors with dietary and subcutaneous exposure to several soluble lead salts. Animal assays provide reproducible results in several laboratories, in multiple tumor sites. Short term studies show that lead affects gene expression. Human evidence is inadequate. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen. /Lead chromate, as Pb or Cr/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for C.I. PIGMENT RED 104 (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.