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HCID 14793Erstellt: 27. Oktober 2026

Bleidioxid

PbO2 · LEAD PEROXIDE · Plattnerite · Lepro · LP-100 · ci77580 · c.i.77580 · leadbrown

https://huagongshe.com/de/chemical/14793

Molekülstruktur von Bleidioxid

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.1309-60-0
SummenformelO2Pb
Durchschnittliche Molmasse239 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse239,96648134 g/mol
SMILES[O]=[Pb]=[O]
InChIKeyYADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID14793
EC No.215-174-5
DTXSIDDTXSID5025497
Lokaler NameBleidioxid

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)34,1
H-Brücken-Donoren0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren2
Frei drehbare Bindungen0
Schwere Atome3
Formalladung0
Komplexität18,3
StoffklassenMetals -> Lead Compounds, InorganicCarcinogens
SpringerMaterials Propertieselectron density of states
Dichte9.375 at 66 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink9.375 g/cu cm9.38 g/cm³9.64 @25 °C9,38 g/cm3
Color/FormBrown, hexagonal crystalsDark-brown powderBrownish black crystalline powder consisting of fine crystalline flakes in either alpha- or beta-form.
LöslichkeitInsoluble (NTP, 1992)In water, <11.3 ug/L at 25 °C, pH 6-7Insoluble in waterSoluble in hydrochloric acid with evolution of chlorinein dilute nitric acid in presence of hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, or other reducerssoluble in alkali iodide solutions with liberation of iodinesoluble in hot caustic alkali solutionsSoluble in glacial acetic acidinsoluble in alcoholPresumably soluble in acidic gastric juice
DecompositionWhen heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /lead/.Lead dioxide decomposes at 290 °C. /From table/290 °C. This produces oxygen and toxic fumes. Reacts violently with combustible substances, organic compounds, sulfur, hydrogen peroxide and phosphorus. This generates fire hazard.
Schmelzpunkt554 °F (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)290 °C, decomposition
BrechungsindexIndex of refraction: omega 2.3 (Li /lamp/)
Physical DescriptionLead dioxide appears as brown, hexagonal crystals. Insoluble in water. Used in matches, explosives, electrodes.Other SolidWet SolidDry PowderBrown crystals that are insoluble in water[CAMEO]BROWN CRYSTALS OR POWDER.
Stability/Shelf LifeStable under recommended storage conditions.
Other Experimental PropertiesAn oxidizing agentEvolves oxygen when heated, first forming Pb3O4, at high temperature, PbO.Decomposes rather easily to the lower oxide, releasing oxygen when heated to 290 °C and aboveHeat capacity: 61.5 J/mol-K at 27 °C
AggregatzustandPowder
Wichte9.38
FarbeBrown to black
Spezifische WärmekapazitätCp(crystal): 0.27 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck14,5407
InChIInChI=1S/2O.Pb
InChIKeyYADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES[Pb](=O)=O
CAS Datenbank1309-60-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische InformationenLead dioxide(1309-60-0)
EPA chemische InformationenLead dioxide (1309-60-0)

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-EinstufungDangerH272 (91.3%): May intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P203, P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P330, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 242 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H272: May intensify fire
Regulatorische InformationenChemical: Lead oxide (PbO2)Lead oxide (PbO2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Lead oxide (PbO2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 04-09-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7459Restricted substance: Lead dioxideLead oxide: HSNO Approval: HSR001285 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
Weitere SicherheitsinformationenIMAP assessments - Lead oxides: Human health tier II assessment
DOT-KennzeichnungOxidizer
BrandgefahrenExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.
BrandpotenzialLead dioxide does not burn but it will increase the intensity of a fire.Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials.
Gesundheitsgefahren

Anwendungen & Verwendung

Beschreibung

Lead dioxide, PbO2, also plumbic oxide, is an odorless dark-brown crystalline powder which is nearly insoluble in water. It exists in two crystalline forms. The a phase has orthorhombic symmetry, lattice constants a=0.497 nm, b=0.596 nm, c= 0.544 nm, Z=4 (four formula units per unit cell).

Occurrence

Lead dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite. It is used as an oxidizing agent in manufacturing dyes and intermediates. It also is used as a source of oxygen in matches, pyrotechnics, and explosives. In matches, the oxide is combined with amorphous phosphorus as an ignition surface. It also is used in making lead pigments, liquid polysulfide polymers and rubber substitutes. Lead dioxide electrodes are used in lead storage batteries in which lead dioxide accumulates on positive plates.

Verwenden

Lead dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite. It is used as an oxidizing agent in manufacturing dyes and intermediates. It also is used as a source of oxygen in matches, pyrotechnics, and explosives. In matches, the oxide is combined with amorphous phosphorus as an ignition surface. It also is used in making lead pigments, liquid polysulfide polymers and rubber substitutes. Lead dioxide electrodes are used in lead storage batteries in which lead dioxide accumulates on positive plates.

Herstellung & Synthese

synthetische

Lead dioxide is produced by oxidizing an alkaline slurry of lead monoxide with chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or bleaching powder. Alternatively, it is obtained by passing chlorine into a hot aqueous suspension of lead sulfate and magnesium hydroxide. The ionic reaction is: Pb(OH)3ˉ +ClOˉ → PbO2 + Clˉ+ OHˉ + H2O It also is produced by electrolysis of acidic solutions of lead salts using a lead or platinum electrode. In such electrolytic process, lead dioxide is deposited on the anode of the cell. Insoluble powdered lead dioxide also may be obtained when lead tetroxide is heated with nitric acid: Pb3 O4 + 4HNO3 → 2Pb(N)3)2 + PbO2 + 2H2O Lead dioxide also can be prepared by fusing lead monoxide with a mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium chlorate.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
GefahrenübersichtSee Lead and linked occupational diseases.
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch1872 140
Reaktive GruppeOxidizing Agents, Strong
EG-EinstufungSymbol: T, NR: 61-20/22-33-62-50/53S: 53-45-60-61Note: A, E
UN-EinstufungUN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Pack Group: III
Special ReportsDHHS/ATSDRToxicological Profile for Lead (August 2007).[Available from, as of May 3, 2016: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf]National Toxicology ProgramReport on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition (2014). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of May 3, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/]
BrandbekämpfungExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
Erste-Hilfe-MaßnahmenFresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .
Freisetungsmaßnahmen· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
Erste HilfeEYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:
Sichere LagerungSeparated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers.
Firefighting HazardsLead is combustible in powder form when exposed to heat or flame. /Inorganic lead/
Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Lead in blood = 200 ug/L (20 ug/100 ml)sampling time not critical
BrandbekämpfungsverfahrenSuitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Use extinguisher suitable for surrounding fire. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Lead(IV) Oxide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
LagerbedingungenKeep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Oxidizing hazardous materials.Store in a location separate from other materials, especially flammables and combustibles. ... Lead dioxide must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permagnanates, chlorates and nitrates) and chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc), since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from combustible materials, such as wood, paper, and oil. Lead dioxide is regulated by OSHA Standard 1910.1025. All requirements of the standard must be followed.
ReinigungsverfahrenACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil) away from spilled material. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for lead: Concentration process: Biological treatment. /Lead/For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Lead(IV) Oxide (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Freisetung ohne BrandExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:
EntsorgungsverfahrenGenerators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubberContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Conversion to soluble salt, precipitation as sulfide, and return to supplier.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Lead(IV) Oxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
TreatmentLead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. (L21)
Gesundheitliche AuswirkungenLead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)
UmweltverhaltenTERRESTRIAL FATE: Lead(IV) dioxide is not expected to leach in soil because of its low solubility(SRC). The downward movement of inorganic lead compounds from soil to groundwater by leaching is very slow under most natural conditions(1).AQUATIC FATE: If released into water, lead(IV) dioxide should mostly precipitate out due to its low solubility. (SRC)ATMOSPHERIC FATE: In the atmosphere, non-organic compounds of lead exist primarily in the particulate form and, therefore, lead(IV) dioxide is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Upon release to the atmosphere, lead particles are dispersed and ultimately removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition(1).
Unerwünschte WirkungenNeurotoxin - Predominantly motor
ExpositionspfadeThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.Oral (L136)inhalation (L136)dermal (L136)
ToxizitätsübersichtIDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead dioxide is a dark-brown powder. It is used in electrodes in batteriesas oxidizing agent in manufacture dyesas discharge in dyeing with indigomanufacture rubber substituteswith amorphous phosphorus as ignition surface for matchespyrotechnicsmanufacture pigmentsin analytical chemistry. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Exposure can cause headache, irritability, and muscle and joint pain. Lead dioxide may damage the nervous system. Exposure may cause kidney and brain damage, and anemia. Repeated exposure to lead dioxide can cause lead poisoning. Symptoms include metallic taste, poor appetite, weight loss, colic, nausea, vomiting, and muscle cramps. Higher levels can cause muscle and joint pain, and weakness. High or repeated exposure may damage the nerves causing weakness, "pins and needles," and poor coordination in the arms and legs. Lead exposure increases the risk of high blood pressure. ANIMAL STUDIES: There are no data available.Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)
Signs and SymptomsAbdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (A2, L21)
Ongoing Test StatusThe following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Genetic Toxicology Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of May 12, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/status/agents/ts-10131-s.html]
Effluent ConcentrationsLead (IV)dioxide has been detected in coal combustion flue gas emissions(1)if the combustion temperature reaches 1800K, lead(IV) dioxide becomes the predominant lead compound in the particulate phase(1).
ICSC Environmental DataBioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in plants and mammals. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.
Soil Adsorption/MobilityThe downward movement of inorganic lead compounds from soil to groundwater by leaching is very slow under most natural conditions(1). /Lead compounds/
Natural Pollution SourcesLead(IV) dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite(1). A plattnerite mineral sample from the Ojuela mine in Mexico assayed PbO2 99.6% and CuO 0.1%(2). Plattnerite occurs in weathered hydrothermal base-metal deposits, oxidized typically in arid climates(2). In the US, large plattnerite masses occur from the Coeur d'Alene district, Shoshone Co., and in the Democrat mine, Gilmore district, Lemhi Co., Idahofrom the Goodsprings district, Clark Co., and the Diamond mine, near Eureka, Eureka Co., Nevada. In the 79 mine, Gila Co., the Defiance mine, Gleeson, Cochise Co., the Glove mine, Santa Cruz Co., and elsewhere in Arizonaat the Mex-Tex mine, near Bingham, Hansonburg district, Socorro Co., and Granite Gap, San Simon district, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico(2).
RCRA-AnforderungenD008A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/
TSCA-AnforderungenPursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Lead oxide (PbO2) is included on this list. Effective date: February 28, 2008Sunset date: April 28, 2008.
LuftstandardsNational primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are: 1.5 ug/cu m, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this list. /Lead compounds/
Clean Water Act AnforderungenToxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Lead and compounds/
State Drinking Water Standards(AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/L. /Lead/
Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser(AZ) ARIZONA 20 ug/L /Lead/(ME) MAINE 10 ug/L /Lead/
Federal Drinking Water StandardsEPA 15 ug/L (Action Level). /Lead/
Bundesrichtlinien für TrinkwasserMaximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): zero mg/L. /Lead/
Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK)3
TSCA-Inventar-StatusTSCA listed
UN-TransportnummerUN 1872
Zollcode28249090
RTECS-Nr.OG0700000
R-Sätze (R)61-8-20/22-33-50/53-62
ToxizitätLD50 i.p. in guinea pigs: 220 mg/kg (Venugopal, Luckey)
GefahrensymboleO,T,N
Sicherheitshinweise (S)53-45-60-61
Gefahrenklasse5.1Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Ox. Sol. 3Repr. 1ASTOT RE 2
VerpackungsgruppeIII
Lagerklasse5.1B - Oxidizing hazardous materials
Gefahrstoffdaten1309-60-0(Hazardous Substances Data)