| GHS-Einstufung | WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (97.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | 2002/2076The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-: Human health tier I assessment |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
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| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may be formed. (USCG, 1999)Combustible under specific conditions. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
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| Brandpotenzial | Material does not burn or burns with difficulty. |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | Overexposure to dust by inhalation or ingestion may cause fatigue, nausea, vomiting, lowered blood pressure, convulsions, coma. Dust may irritate eyes and skin. (USCG, 1999) |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | 2,4,5-T is toxic to the liver in acute animal studies. Epidemiology studies found no evidence that 2,4,5-T is teratogenic to exposed workers. [ACGIH] There is limited positive evidence that 2,4,5-T causes birth defects in animals. There is strong negative data that it causes skeletal defects in humans. [ATSDR Case Studies #29] Overall, it appears that the chlorophenoxy herbicides have led to little or no hepatic injury. Where sufficient occupational exposure seems to have led to hepatic abnormalities (e.g., toxic porphyria), the presumed chemical culprit has been the contaminating TCDD, rather than the herbicide per se. [Zimmerman, p. 415] In poisoning cases by ingestion of chlorophenoxy compounds, elevated liver enzymes and rhabdomyolysis with secondary renal failure have been reported[HSDB] |
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| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 2765 152 |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Acids, Carboxylic |
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| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: Xn, NR: 22-36/37/38-50/53S: (2)-24-60-61 |
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| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: III |
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| Special Reports | FOREST PESTICIDES: AN OVERVIEWENVIRON SCI TECH 14 (10): 1165 (1980). DISCUSSES PROS & CONS OF USES OF 2,4,5-T IN FOREST, TCDD, HEALTH EFFECTS OF 2,4,5-T, THE VIETNAM EXPERIENCE, EPA'S ALSEA I & ALSEA II STUDIES & CRITIQUES, ETC.FIRESTONE DECOL BULL 27: 39-52 (1978). A REVIEW ARTICLE DISCUSSES PROBLEMS & ADVERSE EFFECTS OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN, A CONTAMINANT OF HERBICIDE 2,4,5-T.LACEY P, LACEY VAJ LEG MED (CHICAGO) 3 (1): 137-78 (1982). GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR MILITARY USE OF PHENOXY HERBICIDES.HAY ATHE CHEMICAL SCYTHE: LESSONS OF 2,4,5-T AND DIOXIN, 264 PP (1982). A BOOK CONCERNING 2,4,5-T AND DIOXIN.For more Special Reports (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)Use water spray, powder. |
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| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
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| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.(General first aid procedures) |
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| Sichere Lagerung | Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
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| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].2.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
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| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | /Wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode /when fighting fire/.Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. |
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| Lagerbedingungen | DO NOT STORE NEAR OTHER AGROCHEMICALS OR SEEDS. DO NOT STORE IN FREEZING TEMPERATURES. |
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| Reinigungsverfahren | 1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2. COLLECT SPILLED MATERIAL IN THE MOST CONVENIENT AND SAFE MANNER AND DEPOSIT IN SEALED CONTAINERS FOR RECLAMATION, OR FOR DISPOSAL IN A SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. LIQUID CONTAINING 2,4,5-T SHOULD BE ABSORBED IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL.Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.Water spill: Remove trapped material with suction hoses. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers F027 & U232, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Chemical treatment: 2,4,5-T /2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid/ is cleaved by strong acid to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, formaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Glycollic acid appears to be an intermediate. This hydrolysis requires heating with concentrated acid or pyridine hydrochloride. 2,4,5-T is completely degraded by alkali metals (sodium or lithium) in liquid ammonia, but the degradation products have not been identified. Chlorination is capable of destroying 2,4,5-T. Aqueous hypochlorite at pH 3 and temp above 30 °C will yield herbicidally inactive products, but the products have not been characterized. At high temp (about 400 °C) chlorinolysis can degrade 2,4,5-T to a mixture of carbon tetrachloride, phosgene, and hydrogen chloride. None of these reactions are practical detoxification approaches for 2,4,5-T. Chemical treatment is not considered a viable approach for degrading the trace quantities of TCDD /2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/. Cleavage of the ether and dechlorination requires highly reactive chemical reagents, such as strong acid or sodium amide. Both 2,4,5-T and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are degraded by photochemical reactions. 2,4,5-T is detoxified by microbial activity in a period of 45 to 270 days. The biodegradation is most rapid in warm, aerated, moist soils, and aerobic activity is preferred. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is relatively persistent in soil. Approx 60% was recovered after 1-100 ppm 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was incubated for one year in loamy sand or silty clay loam. It would appear that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenza-p-dioxin could build up in soil if 2,4,5-T containing trace amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were disposed by land burial. In summary, no practical chemical detoxification procedures are now available for waste 2,4,5-T. The photochemical degradation to remove traces of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin is an interesting approach for spill clean-up but not for disposal.2,4,5-T (Weedon TM) 20% active ingredient was incinerated in a municipal multiple hearth sewage sludge incinerator with a temperature range of 457-940 °C with 6-10% excess air, the destruction efficiency was 99.980-99.996%. /From table, residence time not specified/Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
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| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Avoid action on skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and the continuous intake of small amounts. Very important to avoid drifting of spray clouds. Keep away from food, feeds, and water.Persons not wearing protective equipment should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed.Good industrial practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Körperbelastung | During a week of exposed work and for 36 hours after exposure, levels of 2,4,5-T in urine of 4 ground spray applicators ranged from 1 to 11 ug/ml, the mean value was 3.5 ug/ml and the mean 24 hour excretion in urine was approximately 1 mg(1). |
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| Treatment | Treatment may include washing any areas of contact, GI decontamination if swallowed, administering an IV and forced alkaline diuresis. (L346) |
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| Wechselwirkungen | ... The effects of 2,4,5-T were enhanced when 5,5,5-tributyl phosphotrithiolate was applied to four woody species of plants.2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) reduced the uptake of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) by the choroid plexus in a dose-related manner, while treatment with quinolinic acid at comparable concentrations did not inhibit 5-HIAA uptake. The role of carrier-mediated transport in the clearance of 5-HIAA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also evaluated in vivo by ventriculocisternal perfusion. Steady-state clearance of 5-HIAA from CSF exceeded that of inulin and was reduced competitively in the presence of 2,4,5-T. However, the clearance was not affected by quinolinic acid. The effect of 2,4,5-T on transport enzyme system was also studied by electron microscopic cytochemistry. Na+-K+-ATPse and cytochrome oxidase activities in the choroid plexu were reduced by 2,4,5-T. Since this transport sytem in the choroid plexus is normally responsible for the excretion of the serotonin metabolite from the brain to the plasm, accumulation of endogenously produced orgnic acids in the CSF and the brain, secondary to reduce clearance by the choroid plexus, could be a contributing factor in the development of neurotoxicity.2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on hepatic metabolism of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) ... was studied in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 0 or 31.5 ug/kg TCDD. 48 Hr later their livers were perfused in-situ for 1 hr by a recirculating system that contained 0 or 50 uM (14)C labeled 2,4,5-T ... . The livers were then removed and homogenized, and the extent of covalent binding of (14)C activity to macromolecules in the homogenates was determined. Samples of the bile and perfusate were analyzed for metabolites utilizing high pressure liquid chromatography. The perfusates from control and TCDD treated livers showed similar metabolic profiles with large amounts of unmetabolized 2,4,5-T ... as well as conjugates of 2,4,5-T with taurine ... . Bile samples from unpretreated and TCDD induced livers contained unmetabolized 2,4,5-T and conjugates of 2,4,5-T with glucuronic acid, glycine and taurine, and an unidentified metabolite. The unidentified metabolite accounted for 5.5 to 7.0% of the total 2,4,5-T in the bile and 1 percent of the total 2,4,5-T in the perfusate. Slightly more covalent binding of 2,4,5-T ... derived (14)C activity to hepatic macromolecule was seen in livers from control rats than from those pretreated with TCDD. ... /It was concluded/ that TCDD pretreatment does not enhance the short or long term toxicity of ... 2,4,5-T, and that until the structure of the unknown metabolite is identified and its potential effects determined, the exact role of TCDD in potentiating the toxicity of phenoxy acid herbicides remains unknown. |
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| Zielorgane | UrinarySkin, liver, gastrointestinal tract |
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| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Exposure to large amounts of CDDs causes chloracne, a severe skin disease with acne-like lesions that occur mainly on the face and upper body. CDDs may also cause liver damage and induce long-term alterations in glucose metabolism and subtle changes in hormonal levels. In addition, studies have shown that CDDs may disrupt the endocrine system and weaken the immune system, as well as cause reproductive damage and birth defects, central and peripheral nervous system pathology, thyroid disorders, endometriosis, and diabetes. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is also a known human carcinogen. (L177, L178) |
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| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) 350 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not given/LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 0.50 mg/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Lebistes reticulatus (guppy) 8 mg/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) 1.3 mg/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: FOUR (14)C-LABELED HERBICIDES INCLUDING 2,4,5-T WERE APPLIED AS FOLIAR SPRAY AT 0.28 KG/HA IN A TERRESTRIAL MICROCOSM CHAMBER TO EXAMINE THEIR TRANSPORT AND METABOLISM IN COMPARISON TO DIELDRIN. TOTAL HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AVERAGED 0.14 PPM FOR ALL COMPOUNDS BY 20 DAYS POSTTREATMENT. RYE GRASS SHOOTS CONTAINED 2.5 PPM 2,4,5-T. 2,4,5-T WAS ONE OF THE MOST RAPIDLY DECOMPOSED HERBICIDES.TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 2,4,5-T is likely to biodegrade and its mobility is expected to vary from highly mobile in sandy soil and moderately mobile in clay and silt loams to slightly mobile in muck (due to adsorption to humic acids and other organic matter). Removal by biodegradation apparently limits the extent of leaching, however, and groundwater contamination is likely only by rapid flow through large channels and deep soil cracks(1). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichloroanisole the primary degradation product of 2,4,5-T in soil(2). The anisole is apparently formed by microbial methylation of the phenol. Chemical hydrolysis in moist soils should not be significant. The persistence of 2,4,5-T in soil is reported to vary from 14 to 300 days depending upon climatic conditions and population of soil microorganisms, but usually does not exceed one full growing season regardless of the application rate(2,3,4,5). Degradation under anaerobic conditions is much slower than under aerobic conditions, thus 2,4,5-T persists longer in flooded soils (half-life of less than or equal to 48 weeks) than in field moist soils.AQUATIC FATE: Since 2,4,5-T has a pKa of 2.88 at 25 degC(1), it will be dissociated in water. If released to water, photochemical decomposition volatilization and biodegradation of 2,4,5-T should be the dominant removal mechanisms. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is the primary degradation product of 2,4,5-T in water. Data regarding the biodegradation of 2,4,5-T in soil suggest that biodegradation may contribute significantly to the degradation of 2,4,5-T in aquatic systems. The aquatic near surface half-life for direct photolysis has been calculated to be 15 days during summer at latitude 40 deg. Humic substances can photosensitize 2,4,5-T and humic induced photoreactions may dominate photodegradation processes when humic substance concentrations exceed 15 mg of organic C per liter. 2,4,5-T may also be degraded by photocatalytic processes involving iron species and peroxides. The primary products of 2,4,5-T photodegradation are 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 2-hydroxy-4,5-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Adsorption of 2,4,5-T to humic acids in suspended solids and sediments may be significant. Oxidation, chemical hydrolysis, volatilization and bioaccumulation should not be significant. (SRC)ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 2,4,5-T may exist in vapor form, as fine droplets and adsorbed on air-borne particulates as a result of vapor phase adsorption, or as a result of wind erosion of treated soils(1,SRC). 2,4,5-T has the potential to undergo (a) direct photolysis due to uv absorption at >290 nm, (b) reaction with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals (estimated vapor phase half-life= 1.12 days) or (c) be physically removed by settling or washing out in rainfall(SRC).For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | 2,4,5-T was detected in 1 sample of large fruit and 3 samples of fluid milk in 1971(1). |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
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| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | CDDs cause their toxic effects by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and subsequently altering the trascription of certain genes. The affinity for the Ah receptor depends on the structure of the specific CDD. The change in gene expression may result from the direct interaction of the Ah receptor and its heterodimer-forming partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, with gene regulatory elements or the initiation of a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade that subsequently activates other transcription factors. The affected genes include several oncogenes, growth factors, receptors, hormones, and drug-metabolizing enzymes. The change in transcription/translation of these genes is believed to be the cause of most of the toxic effects of CDDs. This includes 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin's carcinogenicity is thought to be the result of its ability to alter the capacity of both exogenous and endogenous substances to damage the DNA by inducing CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes. (L177) |
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| Plant Concentrations | Plants collected from northeast Finland had the following /2,4,5-T/ residues: lingonberry: 0.07-15 ppm at 2-13 weeks after time of collection after herbicide sprayingwild mushroom: < 0.02-1.8 ppm at 2-13 weeks after time of collection after herbicide sprayingbirch and aspen foliage: 0.1-30 ppm at 13-43 weeks after time of collection after herbicide spraying. /Initial concn applied not specified./ |
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| RCRA-Anforderungen | F027As stated in 40 CFR 261.31, discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulation containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.) |
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| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Criteria of concern: Oncogenicity, mutagenicity, fetotoxicity. Action/Use affected: Cancelled, all products. Reference: PR Notice 70-22 September 28, 197044 FR 15917 March 15, 197944 FR 41536 July 17, 197948 FR 48434 October 18, 1983. Ruling by an Administrative Law Judge, January 2, 1985. |
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| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
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| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | 2,4,5-T is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
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| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l |
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| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | EPA 70 ug/l |
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| UN-Transportnummer | 3345 |
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| Gefahrenklasse | 6.1 |
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| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
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