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Mangandioxid
MnO2 · MANGANESE(IV) OXIDE · dioxomanganese · PYROLUSITE · ACTIVATED MANGANESE DIOXIDE · oxidizing agent · Manganese oxide (MnO2) · MANGANESE (IV) DIOXIDE
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 1313-13-9 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | MnO2 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 86,937 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 86,92787434 g/mol |
| SMILES | [O]=[Mn]=[O] |
| InChIKey | NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 14801 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:136511 |
| EC No. | 215-202-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID501314019 |
| Lokaler Name | Mangandioxid |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 34,1 |
|---|---|
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 2 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 3 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 18,3 |
| Stoffklassen | Metals -> Manganese Compounds, Inorganic |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | dielectric constant |
| Dichte | 5.0 g/cm³5.08 @25 °C5.02 |
| Löslichkeit | Solubility in water: none<0.001g/l insoluble |
| Decomposition | 535 °C |
| Physical Description | Dry PowderLarge CrystalsCBIOther SolidWet SolidNatural form is steel-gray when in lumps and black when powderedThe artificial precipitate in a brownish-black solidBoth usually have some manganese oxide and water[Merck Index] Brown odorless powder[Alfa Aesar MSDS]BLACK-TO-BROWN POWDER. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 535 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Dampfdruck | 0-0Pa at 25℃ |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store below +30°C. |
| Aggregatzustand | powder |
| Farbe | gray |
| Wichte | 5.026 |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(crystal): 0.62 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,5730 |
| Stabilität | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong reducing agents, organic materials. |
| Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen | ANTIOXIDANT |
| InChI | 1S/Mn.2O |
| InChIKey | NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | O=[Mn]=O |
| CAS Datenbank | 1313-13-9(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | manganese(IV) dioxide(1313-13-9) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Manganese dioxide (1313-13-9) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.8% (11 of 1416) of reports.H302+H332 (12.5%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oralacute toxicity, inhalation] |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Manganese oxide (MnO2)Manganese oxide (MnO2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Manganese oxide (MnO2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 27-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15404Manganese (IV) oxide: HSNO Approval: HSR003741 Approved with controls |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Manganese oxides: Human health tier II assessment |
| Brandgefahren | Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Inhalation of dust may cause diseases of the lungs (bronchitis and pneumonia) and CNS (manganism)[ICSC] A strong oxidizer[Merck Index] Harmful by ingestion, inhalationMay cause irritation[Alfa Aesar MSDS] See Manganese and linked occupational diseases. |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: XnR: 20/22S: (2)-25 |
| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes above 553 °C . This produces manganese(III)oxide and oxygen, which increases fire hazard. The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Reacts with aluminium on heating. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (97.6%)Not ClassifiedSpecific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) - category 1Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (respiratory system)Acute Tox. 4 * |
| Brandbekämpfung | In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | 0.2 [mg/m3], as Mn (inhalable fraction), 0.02 mg/m3, as Mn (respirable fraction)[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder. |
| Fire Prevention | NO contact with combustible substances. |
| Inhalation Risk | Evaporation at 20 °C is negligiblea harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed. |
| Skin Prevention | Protective gloves. |
| Minimum Risk Level | Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134) |
| Exposure Prevention | PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN! |
| Ingestion Prevention | Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. |
| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Parkinsonism |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.Oral (L228)inhalation (L228) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough.Abdominal pain. Nausea.Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| ICSC Environmental Data | This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms. |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Toxicity Data | LD50: >3478 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L326) |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | 3137 |
| Zollcode | 2820 10 00 |
| RTECS-Nr. | OP0350000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 20/22 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in rats: >40 mmole/kg (Holbrook) |
| Gefahrensymbole | Xn |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 25 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
| Gefahrenklasse | Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralSTOT RE 2 Inhalation |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
As an oxidizing agent, source of metallic manganese, decolorizing glass, painting porcelain, as an analytical reagentManganese(IV) oxide is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis such as oxidation of allylic/benzylic alcohols, as a textile dye, as a reducing agent, and as a component of dry cell batteries such as zinc-carbon battery and alkaline battery. It is also used in making pigments for glasses and ceramics, and drier for paints. Further it is used in the manufacture of manganese steel and several manganese derivatives including potassium permanganate, a powerful versatile oxidant. Catalytic hydration of nitriles to amides by flowing through manganese dioxide has been reported. Manganese dioxide supported on inorganic oxide can be used for oxidation of methylamine through CWAO (Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation). It has high potential as highly efficient and robust material for water oxidation reaction (WORs).
Herstellung & Synthese
synthetische
Pure manganese(IV) oxide (precipitate form) may be prepared by reducing permanganate ion with a manganous salt: 2KMnO4 + 3MnSO4 + 2H2O → 5MnO2 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 Manganese(IV) oxide can also be precipitated by oxidation of a manganese(II) salt using an oxidizing agent such as hypochlorite or peroxydisulphate: Mn2+ + S2O82– + 2H2O → MnO2 + 2SO42– + 4H+ Manganese(IV) oxide may also be made by thermal decomposition of manganese(II) nitrate; or from roasting manganese(II) carbonate in air: Mn(NO3)2 → MnO2 + 2NO2 MnCO3 + ½ O2 → MnO2 + CO2 A highly active gamma-MnO2 can be produced by treating manganese(III) oxide with hot sulfuric acid: Mn2O3 + H2SO4 → MnO2 + MnSO4 + H2O Mn2O3 is derived from pyrolusite by heating the mineral at 600–800°C or reducing with powdered coal at 300°C.