Tetrabutyltin

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

DECOMPOSES AT 265 °C

0.0048 [mmHg]

0.0048 mm Hg at 20 °C

Liquid

Colorless or slightly yellow liquid; [Hawley] Colorless liquid; [MSDSonline]

Danger

H301 (86.3%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 51 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

Chemical: Stannane, tetrabutyl-

Stannane, tetrabutyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Stannane, tetrabutyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 28-04-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13445

Tetrabutyltin: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

In lethal dose animal studies, causes somnolence (general depressed behavior); Oral LD50 (rat) = 1268 mg/kg; Intravenous LD50 (rat) = 48 mg/kg; [ChemIDplus] An irritant; [Hawley] An irritant; May cause skin and respiratory sensitization after prolonged contact; [MSDSonline] See ORGANOMETALS. See Tin, organic compounds.

Acute Tox. 3 (86.3%)

Eye damage - category 1

Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2B

Skin sensitization - Category 1A

UN 3146; Organotin cmpd, solid, not otherwise specified

UN 2788; Organotin cmpd, liquid, not otherwise specified

IMO 6.1; Organotin cmpd, liquid or solid, not otherwise specified

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Clothing contaminated with ... tetrabutyltin ... should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of contaminant from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazard properties. ... Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with ... tetrabutyltin ... should be removed promptly & not reworn until the contaminant is removed. ...

Skin that becomes contaminated with ... tetrabutyltin ... should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent & water to remove any contaminant. ... Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where ... tetrabutyltin ... is handled, processed, or stored.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

0.1 [mg/m3], as Sn

0.2 [mg/m3], as Sn

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.2 mg/cu m, skin. /Tin, organic cmpd, as Sn/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Tin, organic cmpd, as Sn/

Employees should be provided with & required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (8 inch minimum), & other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with ... solid or liquid tetrabutyltin. ... Employees should be provided with & required to use dust- & splash-proof safety goggles where ... liquid tetrabutyltin ... may contact the eyes.

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 45.2 ug/l/96 hr (confidence limit 41.6 - 49.2 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.3 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/l, hardness 44.3 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 44.1 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.7.

EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 45.2 ug/l/96 hr (confidence limit 41.6 - 49.2 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.3 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/l, hardness 44.3 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 44.1 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.7. Effect: loss of equilibrium.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 101,400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetra-n-butyl tin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetra-n-butyl tin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption may attenuate this process. Tetra-n-butyl tin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0048 mm Hg(4). Tetrabutyltin may be susceptible to biodegradation in soil based upon possible biodegradability of other butyltin compounds such as tri-, di- and monobutyltin species(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 101,400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetra-n-butyl tin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 7 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 2.5 yrs if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 100(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.4(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Tetrabutyltin may be susceptible to biodegradation in water based upon possible biodegradability of other butyltin compounds such as tri-, di- and monobutyltin species(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetra-n-butyl tin, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0048 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetra-n-butyl tin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.69X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). It may be susceptible to direct photolysis based upon the absorption of UV light >290 nm by tri-, di-, and monobutyltin compounds(4), and should react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals.

Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tetra-n-butyl tin can be estimated to be 101,400(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetra-n-butyl tin is expected to be immobile in soil.

Tetrabutyltin may be susceptible to biodegradation in water based upon possible biodegradability of other butyltin compounds such as tri-, di- and monobutyltin species(1), although no data concerning biodegradation of tetrabutyltin were located(SRC).

SEDIMENT: Tetrabutyltin was detected and quantified in 1 of 235 samples of the top 2 cm of sediment from bodies of surface water in Canada sampled between 1982-1985 at concentration of 0.02 ppm Sn (dry wt); tetrabutyltin also was detected, not quantified in another 1 of the samples (concn range from approx 3.3 ppb Sn (dry wt) (limit of detection) to <0.01 ppm Sn (dry wt) (limit of quantitation))(1).

Butyltin compounds inhibited the activity of purified yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in an in vitro system. The order of inhibitory effect was tetrabutyltin, dibutyltin, tributyltin and monobutyltin. The concentration of tetrabutyltin giving 50% inhibition of the yeast enzyme was 4.3ited by tributyltin but not by monobutyltin, dibutyltin or tetrabutyltin. Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of yeast by tributyltin and tetrabutyltin was prevented by the addition of bovine serum albumin; inhibition of activity of the erythrocyte enzyme by tributyltin was not affected. Addition of albumin to the once inactivated enzyme did not restore enzyme activity. Cysteine slightly protected yeast enzyme from inhibition by dibutyltin but did not affect inhibition by tributyltin and tetrabutyltin.

Though tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (L308)

Used as a silicone additive, lubricant, fuel additive, polymerization catalyst, and hydrochloric acid scavenger; [Hawley]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

Stabilizing and rust-inhibiting agent for silicones; lubricant and fuel additive; polymerization catalyst; hydrochloric acid scavenger

The major use for tetraorganotin cmpds is as (usually captive) intermediate for the tri-, di-, & monoorganotines.

Tetrabutyltin is the starting material of the tributyltin and dibutyltin compounds, which are used as stabilizers for PVC, biocides, fungicides, and anti-biofouling agents. (L314)

Reaction of tin tetrachloride with butyl magnesium chloride.

From activated magnesium chips, butyl chloride, and stannic chloride in a hydrocarbon mixture.

REACTION OF STANNIC CHLORIDE AND TRI-N-BUTYLALUMINUM IN THE PRESENCE OF COMPLEXING AGENTS SUCH AS SODIUM CHLORIDE, ETHERS, OR TERTIARY AMINES; REACTION OF STANNIC CHLORIDE AND N-BUTYLMAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; REACTION OF STANNIC CHLORIDE AND N-BUTYL CHLORIDE

Commercial mfr of organotins traditionally has involved alkylation of tin tetrachloride or the direct reaction of tin with alkyl halides. /Organotin cmpd/

Plastics Product Manufacturing

Stannane, tetrabutyl-: ACTIVE

Organotin stabilizers are all derivatives of tetravalent tin. ... The organic groups bonded to tin are either alkyl or, substituted alkyl. Aryltin compounds have been shown to be poor stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride. /Organotin cmpd/

Among the most widely used preparations of tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds is the reaction of stannic chloride with tetrahydrofuran-based Grignard reagents or organoaluminum compounds. ... Organolithium and organosodium reagents can also be used to prepare tetraorganotins. ... The Wurtz reaction, which relies on in situ formation of an active organosodium species, is also useful for preparing tetraorganotin compounds and is practiced commercially. ... Unsymmetrical functional tetraorganotins are generally prepared by tin hydride addition (hydrostannation) to functional unsaturated organic compounds. /Tetraorganotin compounds/

COMMERCIAL ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS USED AS STABILIZERS ARE OFTEN NOT CLEARLY IDENTIFIED AS TO THE EXACT ORGANOTIN, NOR IS INFORMATION GIVEN AS TO THE PRESENCE OF OTHER INGREDIENTS. ... /ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS/