1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane

When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride/.

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING THE POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

340.0 [mmHg]

340 mm Hg @ 25 °C

1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is a colorless odorless liquid. Nonflammable.

Colorless liquid; [CAMEO] Almost insoluble in water; Boiling point = 46-47 deg C; [MSDSonline]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 7.3% (3 of 41) of reports.

Warning

H319 (92.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 41 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

Dichlorodifluoroethane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Zakhari S, Aviado DM; Cardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related Solvents; Target Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pages; Raven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.

... The lifetimes of halohydrocarbons in air is presented. /Halohydrocarbons/[USEPA/ORD; Comments on the Lifetimes of Organic Molecules in Air. EPA-600/9-80-003 (1980)]

Anders MW; Metabolism and Toxicity of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons: Current Knowledge and Needs for the Future; Environmental Health Perspectives 96: 185-191 (1991). The metabolism and toxicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), potential replacements for ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons, were reviewed.

Bucher JR; NTP Technical Report on Renal Toxicity Studies of Selected Halogenated Ethanes Administered by Gavage to F344/N Rats; National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Toxicity Report Series No. 45, NIH Publication No. 96-3935, 63: 43 1996. A renal toxicity appraisal of commercial halogenated ethanes, was conducted in male F344/N-rats, to elucidate structure activity relationships in hyaline droplet nephropathy induction.

Longstretch J et al; Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology 46 (1-3): 20-39 (1998). The health risks associated with ozone depletion will principally be those due to increased ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation in the environment, ie, increased damage to the eyes, the immune system, and the skin. Some new risks may also be introduced with the increased use of alternatives to the ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is included on this list.

1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature. With acids, toxic gases may be released.

ALL FLUOROCARBONS WILL UNDERGO THERMAL DECOMPOSITION WHEN EXPOSED TO FLAME OR RED-HOT METAL. DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF THE CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS WILL INCLUDE HYDROFLUORIC & HYDROCHLORIC ACID ALONG WITH SMALLER AMOUNTS OF PHOSGENE & CARBONYL FLUORIDE. THE LAST COMPOUND IS VERY UNSTABLE TO HYDROLYSIS & QUICKLY CHANGES TO HYDROFLUORIC ACID & CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF MOISTURE. /FLUOROCARBONS/

IN CONTACT WITH OPEN FLAME OR VERY HOT SURFACE FLUOROCARBONS MAY DECOMP INTO HIGHLY IRRITANT & TOXIC GASES: CHLORINE, HYDROGEN FLUORIDE OR CHLORIDE, & EVEN PHOSGENE. /FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANT & PROPELLANTS/

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING THE POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Because of recent discovery of potential ozone decomposition in the stratosphere by fluorotrichloromethane, this material should be released to the environment only as a last resort. Waste material should be /recovered and/ returned to the vendor, or to licensed waste disposal company.

SUFFICIENT EXHAUST & GENERAL VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO KEEP VAPOR CONCN BELOW RECOMMENDED LEVELS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

INHALATION OF FLUOROCARBON VAPORS SHOULD BE AVOIDED. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Forced air ventilation at the level of vapor concentration together with the use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize the risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Fluorocarbons/

Enclosure of process materials and isolation of reaction vessels and proper design and operation of filling heads for packaging and shipping /are administrative controls that may be instituted to limit occupational exposure to fluorocarbons during manufacture, packaging, and use/. /Fluorocarbons/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Many of the fluorocarbons are good solvents of skin oil, so protective ointment should be used. /Fluorocarbons/

NEOPRENE GLOVES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, & EYE PROTECTION MINIMIZE RISK OF TOPICAL CONTACT. DEGREASING EFFECT ON SKIN CAN BE TREATED WITH LANOLIN OINTMENT. /FLUOROCARBONS/

FORCED AIR VENTILATION @ LEVEL OF VAPOR CONCN TOGETHER WITH USE OF INDIVIDUAL BREATHING DEVICES WITH INDEPENDENT AIR SUPPLY WILL MINIMIZE RISK OF INHALATION. LIFELINES SHOULD BE WORN WHEN ENTERING TANKS OR OTHER CONFINED SPACES. /FLUOROCARBONS/

IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

... THE COMBINATION OF FLUOROCARBON WITH A SYMPATHOMIMETIC BRONCHODILATOR IS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. FOR THE SAME REASON, SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN CARDIAC RESUSCITATION OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FLUOROCARBON POISONING. /FLUOROCARBON POISONING/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 107(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 850 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.071 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 340 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 107(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 850 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0710 atm-cu m/mole calculated from its vapor pressure, 340 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hours and 4.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 14(SRC), estimated from its water solubility and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 340 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is about 1,000 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The water solubility of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane of 850 mg/l at 24 °C(4), indicates that it may undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition processes; however, any removed by this process is expected to rapidly revolatilize to the atmosphere(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=1649-08-7]

The Koc of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is estimated as 107(SRC), using a water solubility of 850 mg/l(1)and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil.

EXCESSIVE SKIN CONTACT WITH LIQ FLUOROCARBONS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED TO PREVENT DEFATTING OF SKIN ... /FLUOROCARBONS/

FLUOROCARBON VAPORS ARE 4 TO 5 TIMES HEAVIER THAN AIR. THUS HIGH CONCN TEND TO ACCUMULATE IN LOW-LYING AREAS, RESULTING IN HAZARD OF INHALATION OF CONCENTRATED VAPORS, WHICH MAY BE FATAL. /FLUOROCARBONS/

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS EXPOSED TO FLUOROCARBONS IN THE PREPN OF FROZEN TISSUE SECTIONS HAVE BEEN SEEN TO DEVELOP CORONARY HEART DISEASE. /FLUOROCARBONS/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An estimated BCF of 14 was calculated for 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane(SRC), using a mwater solubility of 850 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is estimated as 0.0710 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 340 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 850 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.6 days(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane would be expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

It is not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. In animal experiments, adverse effects have been seen at high concentrations.

Its approximate oral lethal dose in rats in 25,000 mg/kg and its approximate lethal concentration 110,000 mg/cu m. Its main action is weak anesthesia at or near the lethal concentration. It is not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. In animal experiments, adverse effects have been seen at high concentrations.

A single dose of HCFC 132b (2 g/kg) /was applied/ under an occluding dressing to the shaved skin of five male & five female Wistar rats, there were no deaths. The clinical signs observed were decr respiratory rate, decr startle rate, altered locomotor activity, restlessness & vocalization. Three male & four female rats had swollen or slightly swollen livers on autopsy.

One drop (approx 0.05 ml) each of 100% HCFC 132b & a 10% solution in propylene glycol was applied & slightly rubbed in to the shaved intact shoulder skin of 10 male albino guinea-pigs, but the area was not occluded. The pure compound produced only mild irritation in one animal only. No irritation was induced by the 10% solution.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1,000 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 9,4X10-5 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2300 years and 230 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not expected to undergo direct photolysis due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3).

1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is an anthropogenic compound which may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production or use. However, no information was found as to whether it 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is presently in commercial use. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 340 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is about 1,000 days. 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane has a water solubility of 850 mg/l and may be removed from the air by rain. If released to soil, 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 107. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.071 atm-cu m/mole. 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Its biodegradability in soil and water in not known. If released into water, 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hours and 4.6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 14 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. (SRC)

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is included on this list.

... It is expected that /HCFCs/ would be metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase liver enzyme to give reactive metabolic products. /HCFCs/

In a metabolism study using intraperitoneal admin of HCFC 132b to rats, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylglucuronide, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde (hydrated & conjugated) & chlorodifluoroacetic acid were identified in the urine. Formation & excretion of chlorodifluoroacetic acid were incr after repeated injection of the animals with HCFC 132b. In vitro experiments using rat liver microsomes suggested the involvement of cytochrome P-450 IIEI in the initial hydroxylation step. No evidence for covalent binding of fluorinated metabolites to liver proteins has been observed.

The chlorofluorocarbon substitute 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is subject to metabolism by cytochrome p450 in hepatic microsomes from rat, rabbit, and human. In rat and rabbit, the p450 form 2E1 is a predominant low-KM, high-rate catalyst of HFC-134a biotranformation and is prominently involved in the metabolism of other tetrahaloalkanes of greater toxicity than HFC-134a (e.g. 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b)). In this study, we determined that the human ortholog of p450 2E1 plays a role of similar importance in the metabolism of HFC-134a. In human hepatic microsomes from 12 individuals, preparations from subjects with relatively high p450 2E1 levels were shown to metabolize HFC-134a at rates 5- to 10-fold greater than microsomes of individuals with lower levels of this enzyme; the increased rate of metabolism of HFC-134a was specifically linked to increased expression of p450 2E1. The primary evidence for the conclusion is drawn from studies using mechanism-based inactivation of p450 2E1 by diethyldithiocarbamate, competitive inhibition of HFC-134a oxidation by p-nitrophenol (a high-affinity substrate for p450 2E1), strong positive correlations of rates of HFC-134a defluorination with p-nitrophenol hydroxylation in the study population, and correlation of p450 2E1 levels with rates of halocarbon oxidation. Thus, our findings support the conclusion that human metabolism of HFC-134a is qualitatively similar to that of the species (rat and rabbit) used for toxicological assessment of this halocarbon. Although hazard from HFC-134a exposure is not anticipated in most humans (based on toxicological evaluation in laboratory animals), our results suggest that HFC-134a exposure should be minimized for individuals with chemical exposure histories commensurate with elevation of p450 2E1 (i.e. frequent contact with agents such as ethanol, trichloroethylene, or pyridine). Furthermore, these findings suggest that toxicity assessment of certain other haloethanes currently under consideration as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons should be considered in animals with elevated p450 2E1.

1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane (HCFC-131a), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (HCFC-133a) were chosen as models for comparative metabolism studies on 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes, which are under consideration as replacements for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Male Fischer 344 rats were given 10 mmol/kg ip 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane or 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane or exposed by inhalation to 1% 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane for 2 hr. Urine collected in the first 24 hr after exposure was analyzed by 19F NMR and GC/MS and with a fluoride-selective ion electrode for the formation of fluorine-containing metabolites. Metabolites of 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane included 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl glucuronide, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl sulfate, dichlorofluoroacetic acid, and inorganic fluoride. Metabolites of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane were characterized as 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl glucuronide, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl sulfate, chlorodifluoroacetic acid, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct, and inorganic fluoride. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane was metabolized to 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl glucuronide, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct, inorganic fluoride, and a minor, unidentified metabolite. With 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, glucuronide conjugates of 2,2,2-trihaloethanols were the major urinary metabolites, whereas with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane, a trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct was the major urinary metabolite. Analysis of metabolite distribution in vivo indicated that aldehydic metabolites increased as fluorine substitution increased in the order 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane < 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane < 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane. With NADPH-fortified rat liver microsomes, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane were biotransformed to trifluoroacetaldehyde and chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde, respectively, whereas 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane was converted to dichlorofluoroacetic acid. No covalently bound metabolites of 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane metabolites were detected by 19F NMR spectroscopy. The nature of the identified organic fluorine-containing metabolites indicates that cytochrome p450-dependent oxidation predominates in the metabolism of these 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes. The generation of fluoride from the fluorodihalomethyl group (-CFX2) apparently arises from a separate dehalogenation pathway.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... MAIN FACTOR AFFECTING FATE OF FLUOROCARBONS IS BODY FAT, WHERE THEY ARE CONCENTRATED & SLOWLY RELEASED INTO BLOOD @ CONCN THAT SHOULD NOT CAUSE ANY RISK OF CARDIAC SENSITIZATION. /FLUOROCARBONS/

THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROCARBONS IN BRAIN, LIVER & LUNG COMPARED TO BLOOD LEVELS, SIGNIFYING A TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF FLUOROCARBONS SIMILAR TO THAT OF CHLOROFORM. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Absorption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/

Although fluorocarbons cause cardiac sensitization in certain animal species, rapid elimination prevents the development of cardiotoxic concentrations from aerosol bronchodilator use except at exceedingly high doses (12 to 24 doses in 2 minutes). /Fluorocarbons/

FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS ARE LIPID-SOLUBLE AND THUS ARE GENERALLY WELL ABSORBED THROUGH LUNG. ABSORPTION AFTER INGESTION IS 35 TO 48 TIMES LOWER THAN AFTER INHALATION. ... FLUOROCARBONS ARE ELIMINATED BY WAY OF LUNG. /FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS/

A potential substitute for some ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons; [HSDB]

1,2-Dichloro-1,1- difluoroethane is a potential substitute for some ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons and a model for other 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes under consideration as chlorofluorocarbon substitutes.

Mechanical vapor compression systems use fluorocarbons for refrigeration and air conditioning and account for ... majority of refrigeration capability in us. ... fluorocarbons are used as refrigerants in home appliances, mobile air conditioning units, retail food refrigeration systems and ... chillers. /Fluorocarbons/

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-: ACTIVE

1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not produced in commodity quantities.

... /The use of chlorofluorocarbons for aerosol sprays/ was prohibited in 1979 except for a few specialized items, because of their depleting effect on stratospheric ozone. /Chlorofluorocarbons/