Isooctan-1-ol

0.832 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8176 at 25 °C

Bulk density = 6.95 lb/gal

0.832

0.83

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in ethanol, ether

In water, 640 mg/L at 25 °C

Insoluble

180 °F (USCG, 1999)

82 °C

180 °F (82 °C) (Open cup)

180 °F (open-cup)

(oc) 180 °F

367 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

188 °C; 95.8 °C at 20 atm

367 °F

367 °F

less than 212 °F (USCG, 1999)

-106 °C

<212 °F

<-105 °F

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 27.5% (109 of 397) of reports.

Warning

H302 (66.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 397 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 50% (2 of 4) of reports.

Chemical: Isooctanol

Isooctanol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Alcohols, C7-9-branched, C8-rich: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This is a mixture of closely related isomeric, primary alcohols with branched chains such as 2-Ethylhexanol. [NIOSH] Isooctyl alcohol causes anesthesia after percutaneous absorption in experimental animals. [ACGIH] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; [ICSC]

ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL attacks plastics. REF [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water, [Merck 11th ed., 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid, [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73(1967); J, Org. Chem. 28:1893(1963)]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites, [NFPA 491 M, 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence, [Wischmeyer(1969)].

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Isooctyl alcohol is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Lower flammable limit: 0.9% by volume

Class IIIA Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 140 °F and below 200 °F.

3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.

2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.

0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Isooctyl alcohol:

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc..

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

50.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

50 ppm [1990]

50 ppm (270 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (270 mg/m3) [skin]

The air expired from humans contained isooctyl alcohol(1) in 15.8% of the 387 samples collected from 54 subjects(2). The average isooctyl alcohol concn of 1.3 ng/L was expressed as the geometric mean with upper and lower limits of 0.33 and 5.1 respectively(2).

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 30 mg/L/24 hr, static

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 29 mg/L/96 hr, static

EC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea; intoxication, immobilization) 115 mg/L/24 hr; static /formulated product/

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae; cell multiplication inhibition) 14 mg/L/48 hr; static /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 125(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 640 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isooctyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isooctyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.344 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Isooctyl alcohol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Based on analogy to n-octanol isomers, isooctyl alcohol may biodegrade rapidly in acclimated terrestrial environments(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 125(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 640 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isooctyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 0.344 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 14 hours and 7.8 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 16(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on analogy to n-octanol isomers, isooctyl alcohol may biodegrade rapidly in acclimated aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isooctyl alcohol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.344 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isooctyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The Koc of isooctyl alcohol is estimated as 125(SRC), using a water solubility of 640 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that isooctyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: Central nervous system: headache, muscle weakness, giddiness, ataxia, confusion, delirium, coma. Gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (odor of the alcohol in excreta). Irritation of skin, eyes, throat from vapor or liquid. Cough and dyspnea. Death from respiratory failure. Disturbances of cardiac rhythm. Occasional complications: a. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage b. Renal damage with glycosuria c. Liver damage d. Cardiac failure e. Pulmonary edema. /Alcohols, higher/

Isooctyl alcohol's production and use as an ingredient of plasticizers, intermediate for nonionic detergents and surfactants, synthetic drying oils, cutting and lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids; resin solvents; emulsifiers; antifoaming agent; and an intermediate for introducing the isooctyl group into other compounds(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

Data regarding the biodegradation of isooctyl alcohol were not available(SRC, 2006). Yet, a number of aerobic and anaerobic biological screening studies, which utilized settled waste water, sewage, or activated sludge for inocula, have demonstrated that n-octanol is biodegradable(1-9). Since isooctyl alcohol is a mixture of isomers where most of the molecule is a straight chain alcohol, the results of the studies on n-octanol would suggest rapid biodegradation where acclimation has occurred(SRC).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Isooctyl alcohol is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Used in plasticizers and in organic synthesis; Also used in resin solvents, emulsifiers, and antifoaming agents; [Hawley]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Ingredient of plasticizers, intermediate for nonionic detergents and surfactants, synthetic drying oils, cutting and lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids; resin solvents; emulsifiers; antifoaming agent; intermediate for introducing the isooctyl group into other cmpd.

Branched C16 alcohols, also known as isohexadecyl alcohol or C16 oxo alcohols, are prepared by the oxo process and by aldol-like condensation of isooctyl alcohol and subsequent hydrogenation.

The principal use of these alcohols is in preparing plasticizers, mainly diisoctyl phthalate, but also esters of adipic, sebacic, azelaic, and trimellitic acids. Isooctyl alcohol is also used as a solvent for fats, oils, and waxes, as well as various rubber formulations ...

(1980) 32,000 tonnes

(1986) >1 million to 10 million pounds

(1990) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1998) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

Isooctanol: ACTIVE

Usually refers to a mixture of isomers made by the Oxo process.

A mixture of closely related isomeric branched-chain primary alcohols: RCH2OH where R represents a branched heptyl radical. The branching consists mostly of methyl groups located in the 3-, 4-, or 5-positions.

Commercial products from the family of 6 to 11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as ... pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures. Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are ... in general a ... pure material is called "-anol" /eg, 1-octanol/, and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol /eg, octyl alcohol/ or "iso...yl alcohol" /eg, isooctyl alcohol/.