4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzo-pyran-2-on,Natrium-Salz

(Non-Specific -- Coumarin Derivative Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Warfarin Sodium Exposure: Warfarin sodium is an anticoagulant. Hemorrhage is the most common sign and may be manifested by hemorrhagic skin rashes and lip, nose, and upper airway bleeding. Upper airway pain, difficulty in speaking and swallowing, and dyspnea (shortness of breath) may occur. Vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloody stools are common. Back pain may be noted.

(Non-Specific -- Coumarin Derivative Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. For small spills, take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. For small dry spills, with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. For large spills, dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

0.16 [mg/m3]

9.0 [mg/m3]

83 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

The primary antidote to warfarin poisoning is immediate administration of vitamin K1 (initially slow intravenous injections of 10-25 mg repeated all 3-6 hours until normalisation of the prothrombin time; then 10 mg orally four times daily as a "maintenance dose"). It is an extremely effective antidote, provided the poisoning is caught before too much damage has been done to the victim's circulatory system. At high doses warfarin can affect the body for many months, and the antidote must be administered regularly for a long period of time. (L1257)

Warfarin inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decreased prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Warfarin sodium

vLess-DILI-concern

5

Adverse reactions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015