Natriumfluoracetat

Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained, positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 minutes of exposure but may be delayed as long as 20 hours. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Extinguish small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam; large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.

Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust.

1) Ventilate area of spill. 2) Collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner & deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing sodium fluoroacetate should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P058, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A poor candidate for incineration.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Because of the biochemical interference in the citric acid cycle, sodium fluoroacetate poisoning is very difficult to treat. Once clinical symptoms are exhibited, the citric acid cycle has shut down. Effective antidotes are unknown. Research in animals has shown that the use of glyceryl monoacetate can prevent problems if given after ingestion of sodium fluoroacetate. In clinical cases, use of muscle relaxants, anti-convulsants, mechanical ventilation, and other supportive measures may all be required. Few animals or people have been treated successfully after significant sodium fluoroacetate ingestions. (L1713)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected ip with 376 mg diethylmaleate 30 min prior to ip admin of 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5.5 or 7 mg/kg sodium fluoroacetate. Reduction of liver glutathione concentration by diethylmaleate pre-dosing caused 35% lowering in LD50 of sodium fluoroacetate.

Cardiovascular

respiratory system, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, central nervous system

LD50; Species: Raccoon oral 1.1 mg/kg

LD50; Species: /Peromyscus maniculatus/ (Deer Mouse) oral 4.0 mg/kg

LD50; Species: Skunk oral 1.0 mg/kg

LD50; Species: Cotton Rat oral 0.1 mg/kg

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUOROACETATE (37 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: When released to moist soil, sodium flouroacetate will dissociate to the fluoroacetate ion given a pKa of 2.72(1). The fluoroacetate anion is expected to be fairly mobile in soil(2). Volatilization from dry or moist soil surfaces is not expected and thus it will not partition to the atmosphere(SRC). As a class, fluoroacetates are slowly destroyed by soil bacteria but do not usually persist in soil for more than 2 months(3). Proposed soil biodegradation pathways for the free acid were the formation of glycollate or formation of oxaloacetate degrading to fluorocitrate(4).

AQUATIC FATE: When released to water, sodium fluoroacetate will form the fluoroacetate anion (pKa of 2.72(1)). The fluoroacetate anion is not expected to adsorb more strongly to suspended solids and sediments(2). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because it is an anion in dissociated form. Following the addition of sodium fluoroacetate to a New Zealand-based stream water ecosystem model with Myriophyllum triphyllum, fluoroacetic acid was detected(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Because sodium fluoroacetate is a salt and forms the anion in water, it will not partition to the atmosphere. (SRC)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Fluoroacetate is similar to acetate, which has a pivotal role in cellular metabolism. Fluoroacetate disrupts the citric acid cycle by combining with coenzyme A to form fluoroacetyl CoA. Fluoroacetyl CoA then reacts with citrate synthase to produce fluorocitrate. A metabolite of fluorocitrate binds very tightly to aconitase, thereby halting the citric acid cycle. This inhibition results in an accumulation of citrate in the blood which deprives cells of energy. (L1713)

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Genetic resistance seemed to have developed among some animals grazing on fluoroacetate rich vegetation of western Australia. The concentration of fluoride ion (F-) in plasma of western gray kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus) following feeding of fluoroacetate was increased suggesting detoxication involving substantial defluorination of fluoroacetate or one of its metabolites. Elevation of plasma citrate following oral administration of 5 mg fluoroacetate/kg in gray kangaroos were much less than eastern red kangaroo (Megleia rufa).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ A total of 83 black-tailed prairie dogs from South Dakota were dosed with 0.01, to 0.30 mg/kg of sodium fluoroacetate. The animals were then allowed food and water, and observations were recorded at 8-hour intervals for a minimun of 96 hours post treatment. Animals that survived the initial dosage were administered additional dosages at 3-week intervals until death. The acute oral LD50 was established at 0.173 mg/kg.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Poisoning of dogs is possible because of their extreme susceptibility to 1080. Poisoning of birds is less likely. The risk of secondary poisoning is reduced as the concentration of 1080 declines in putrefying carcasses.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ In adult starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) fed compound 1080 at 27-432 ppm, very high toxicity was noted. The 5 day lethal concentration was 4.7 ppm. The average testis weight was slightly decreased.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUOROACETATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) is applied as a vertebrate pesticide in New Zealand for control of introduced mammalian pests. Despite its widespread use, little is known about the soil ecotoxicity of 1080. Therefore, the hazard of 1080 to soil invertebrates, plants, and soil microorganisms was evaluated in a series of controlled laboratory tests. ... Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was more sensitive than oats (Avena sativa) to 1080. Lettuce seedling emergence and seedling shoot growth were adversely affected at a soil concentration of 7 mg/kg. The presence of 1080 in soil at concentrations up to 1 g/kg soil did not affect the ability of soil microorganisms to mineralize nitrogen. Furthermore, nitrate mineralization was not inhibited in soil treated with the urine of 1080-poisoned possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). The data collectively indicate that 1080-related effects on soil organisms occur at levels well above those that have been measured in soil (<0.1 mg/kg) following application of 1080 in baits for vertebrate pest control in New Zealand.

Convulsions. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

See Inhalation.

vomiting; anxiety, auditory hallucinations; facial paresthesia; twitching face muscle; pulsus altenans, ectopic heartbeat, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias; pulmonary edema; nystagmus; convulsions; liver, kidney damage

The symptoms of sodium fluoroacetate poisoning normally appear between 30 minutes and three hours after exposure. Initial symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain; sweating, confusion and agitation follow. In significant poisoning cardiac abnormalities including tachycardia or bradycardia, hypotension and ECG changes develop. Neurological effects include muscle twitching and seizures. Consciousness becomes progressively impaired after a few hours leading to coma. Death is generally due to ventricular arrhythmias, progressive hypotension unresponsive to treatment, and secondary lung infections. Sub-lethal doses of sodium fluoroacetate may cause damage to tissues with high energy needs, in particular, the brain, gonads, heart, lungs and fetus. Sub-lethal doses are typically completely metabolised and excreted within four days. (L1713)

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; See the data in Chemical Explorer/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of March 28, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

P058; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when fluoroacetic acid sodium salt as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Sodium fluoroacetate is included on this list. Effective date: 3/7/86; Sunset date: 3/7/96.

Classified for restricted use and limited to use by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator. Formulation: All solutions and dry baits; Use Pattern: All uses; Classification: Restricted; Criteria Influencing Restriction: Acute oral toxicity. Hazard to nontarget organisms. Use and accident history.

Cancelled all products except those used for livestock collars for predicide use & control of certain rodents in CA & CO (Uses are currently under review). Criteria of concern: Reduction in nontarget & endangered species. Reference: PR Notice 72-2 3/9/72. 10th Circuit court's Vacation of Wyoming District Court's Predicide Injunction, 12/2/75/ 49 FR 4830 2/5/83; 50 FR 31012 7/31/85.

Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient sodium fluoroacetate, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of sodium fluoroacetate and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. The Agency has determined that sodium fluoroacetate products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision, will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing sodium fluoroacetate registered for the sole remaining use are eligible for reregistration.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Sodium fluoroacetate is found on List C. Case No: 3073; Pesticide type: insecticide, rodenticide; Case Status: RED Approved 06/95; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium fluoroacetate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/02/92; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Sodium fluoroacetate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Used to eliminate coyotes and rodents; [ACGIH]

Use restricted in the US to livestock collars to protect sheep and cattle from coyotes; Used to control vertebrates in Australia and New Zealand; [Olson, p. 242]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For sodium fluoroacetate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 075003) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Rodenticide

Predacide ... Product kills coyotes preying on sheep and goats.

Condensing methyl chloroacetate with potassium fluoride and then converting the fluoroester to the sodium salt with NaOH.

Reacting CO, HF and formaldehyde at high pressures to give fluoroacetic acid which is converted by NaOH to sodium fluoroacetate.

Ethyl chloroacetate and potassium fluoride form ethyl fluoroacetate, which is then treated with a methanol solution of sodium hydroxide.

Sodium fluoroacetate is usually made by displacing the halogen from an ester of bromo- or chloroacetic acid with potassium fluoride or, in one instance, antimony fluoride, followed by hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

A commercial process for ... manufacture from ethyl chloroacetate and potassium fluoride has been described. The ester, purified by distillation to remove traces of acid and water, is treated with oven-dried, finely powdered potassium fluoride in a well-stirred autoclave at 200 °C for 11 hours. The resulting ethyl fluoroacetate is then distilled into an agitated tank containing sodium hydroxide dissolved in methanol. The solid product is isolated by centrifugation, followed by vacuum drying.

Usually marketed as water soln containing 0.5% nigrosine as black warning color. 90% Powder. Usually in locked bait boxes.

Bait concentrate

Collar: 1% a.i. available. All Collars contain 1.1 oz of formulated material which is equal to approximately 0.00067 lbs a.i./collar.

Compound 1080 Livestock Protection Collar (SD Dept of Agriculture): Active ingredient: Sodium fluoroacetate 1.04%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUOROACETATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acetic acid, 2-fluoro-, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies sodium fluoroacetate (technical grade) as Class IA: extremely hazardous; Main Use: rodenticide.

The extreme toxicity of /sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) and fluoroacetamide (compound 1081)/... has restricted their use to prepared baits.