Potassium Sulfide

Other Classes -> Sulfur Compounds

Corrosives

Density = 1.74 g/cu cm

Relative density (water = 1): 1.8

WHITE CUBIC CRYSTALS OR FUSED PLATES

RED OR YELLOW-RED CRYSTALLINE MASS OR FUSED SOLID

FREELY SOL IN WATER

SOL IN ALCOHOL, GLYCERINE; INSOL IN ETHER

Soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether.

Solubility in water: very good

912 °C

840 °C

Potassium sulfide, anhydrous appears as a yellow-red to red crystalline mass or fused solid with an odor of rotten eggs.

Potassium sulfide, hydrated, with not less than 30% water of crystallization appears as a red crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion.

White very hygroscopic solid; Discolored by air; [Merck Index] Red or yellow-red deliquescent solid; [Hawley] White to yellow powder with an odor of rotten eggs; [Strem MSDS]

HYGROSCOPIC WHITE CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS RED OR BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

DISCOLORS IN AIR; UNSTABLE.

UNSTABLE; MAY EXPLODE ON PERCUSSION OR RAPID HEATING.

Discolors upon exposure to light & air (yellow to yellowish red). /POTASSIUM SULFIDE PENTAHYDRATE/

Very hygroscopic. Discolors on exposure to air. Unstable.

Colorless rhombs. Odor of hydrogen sulfide. Discolors upon exposure to light and air (yellow to yellowish red). mp 60 °C. Freely soluble in water, alcohol, glycerol. Insoluble in ether. Densities of aqueous solutions at 25 °C (calculated as % K2S.5H2O): 1.82%: 1.009; 10.90%: 1.049; 21.80%: 1.100; 29.07%: 1.136; 39.97%: 1.192; 50.88%: 1.250; 81.77%: 1.432. Aqueous solutions are caustic and prone to decomposition. /PENTAHYDRATE/

Danger

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H251 (44.3%): Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

P235, P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Potassium sulfide (K2S)

Potassium sulfide (K2S): Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Spontaneously Combustible

Corrosive

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

· Flammable/combustible material.

Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

Ignites on contact with nitrogen oxide,

FLAMMABLE, DANGEROUS FIRE RISK. MAY IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

May explode on percussion; [Merck Index] May spontaneously ignite; Powder is explosive; [Hawley] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC] Emergency treatment: Corrosives- alkaline; [HSDB] A strong reducing agent; Pyrophoric; May cause severe skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation; [CAMEO] Releases hydrogen sulfide on contact with moisture; A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause pulmonary edema; [CHEMINFO] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; [Strem MSDS]

1847 153

1382 135

Sulfides, Inorganic

Sulfides, Inorganic

Strong Reducing Agent

Strong Reducing Agent

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use water in large amounts, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Use flooding quantities of water as spray. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors & toxic decomposition products.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Abdominal cramps. Nausea. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. See Inhalation.

IF FREE GASTRIC ACIDITY IS HIGH, THE INGESTION OF.../SULFIDE/ SALTS MAY RESULT IN THEIR DECOMPOSITION TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN THE STOMACH, WITH SUBSEQUENT SYSTEMIC POISONING. /SULFIDE SALTS/

SEE HYDROGEN SULFIDE. SYMPTOMATOLOGY: A. LOW TO MODERATELY HIGH VAPOR CONCN. 1. IRRITANT ACTIONS. EYES: PAINFUL CONJUNCTIVITIS, PHOTOPHOBIA, LACRIMATION, & CORNEAL OPACITY. RESPIRATORY TRACT: RHINITIS WITH ANOSMIA, TRACHEOBRONCHITIS, WITH PAIN & COUGH, PULMONARY EDEMA WITH DYSPNEA, SOMETIMES LATE BRONCHOPNEUMONIA. SKIN: DIRECT CONTACT (AS A SOLUTION) MAY PRODUCE ERYTHEMA & PAIN. 2. GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS: PROFUSE SALIVATION, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA. 3. CENTRAL NERVOUS EFFECTS: GIDDINESS, HEADACHE, VERTIGO, AMNESIA, CONFUSION, & UNCONSCIOUSNESS. 4. MISCELLANEOUS: TACHYPNEA, PALPITATIONS, TACHYCARDIA, ARRHYTHMIA, SWEATING, WEAKNESS, & MUSCLE CRAMPS. /HYDROGEN SULFIDE/

SEE HYDROGEN SULFIDE. SYMPTOMATOLOGY: B. VERY HIGH VAPOR CONCN. 1. SUDDEN COLLAPSE & UNCONSCIOUSNESS, WITH OR WITHOUT A WARNING CRY. 2. DEATH FROM PROMPT RESP PARALYSIS, USUALLY WITH A TERMINAL ASPHYXIAL CONVULSION. 3. AFTER SUBLETHAL EXPOSURES COMA MAY DISPAPPEAR PROMPTLY, BUT FULL RECOVERY IS USUALLY SLOW; PATIENT MAY HAVE A RESIDUAL COUGH, CARDIAC DILATATION, SLOW PULSE, PERIPHERAL.../SRP: NEUROPATHY/, ALBUMINURIA, & SOME DEGREE OF AMNESIA OR OF /CNS/ DISTURBANCE. RECOVERY IS EVENTUALLY COMPLETE IN MOST NONFATAL CASES. /HYDROGEN SULFIDE/

AQ SOLN ARE VERY CAUSTIC...

PRETREATMENT WITH SODIUM NITRITE INCREASED THE ACUTE IP LD50 OF SODIUM SULFIDE 2.5 TIMES IN MICE. THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF NITRITE IN ACUTE SULFIDE POISONINGS IS CLEARLY SUPERIOR TO THAT OF OXYGEN, WHICH IS THE MORE WIDELY RECOMMENDED ANTIDOTE.

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . In severe cases use amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite ... as described for cyanide poisoning; omit the sodium thiosulfate injection. Early administration will be the most effective. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Treat with rapid rewarming techniques ... if frostbite occurs. /Hydrogen sulfide and related compounds/

Used in photography (toner); [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html] Used as an analytical reagent, depilatory, and medicine; [Hawley]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

Applying metallic patinas [Category: Hobbies]

Reagent in analytical chemistry, depilatory, medicine.

BEST PREPD FROM THE ELEMENTS IN LIQUID AMMONIA: KLEMM ET AL, Z ANORG ALLGEM CHEM 241: 281 (1939); FEHER IN HANDBOOK OF PREPARATIVE INORG CHEM VOL 1, G BRAUER, ED (ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW YORK, 2ND ED, 1963) PP 360-361.

POTASSIUM SULFATE & CARBON ARE HEATED IN A TIGHTLY CLOSED CRUCIBLE TO A MODERATE TEMPERATURE.