Octachlornaphthalin

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

(General first aid procedures)

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

First remove all sources of ignition, then dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2. COLLECT SPILLED MATERIAL IN MOST CONVENIENT & SAFE MANNER FOR RECLAMATION OR FOR DISPOSAL IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. LIQ ... SHOULD BE ABSORBED IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIA

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Ensure plentiful supply of hydrocarbon fuel. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with molten or solid octachloronaphthalene or liquids containing octachloronaphthalene should be removed promptly and not reworn until the octachloronaphthalene is removed from the clothing.

If employess' clothing may have become contaminated with solid octachloronaphthalene, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Clothing contaminated with octachloronaphthalene should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of octachloronaphthalene from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the octachloronaphthalene, the person performing the operation should be informed of octachloronaphthalene's hazardous properties.

CONDENSER IMPREGNATION & OTHER OPERATIONS INVOLVING MELTING OF CHLORONAPHTHALENE SHOULD BE ENCLOSED OR PROVIDED WITH EFFECTIVE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. /CHLORONAPHTHALENES/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for OCTACHLORONAPHTHALENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of octachloronaphthalene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.000731 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 1.1X10-8 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 8X10-5 mg/l(5). However, volatilization is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to soil(SRC). Octachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC), based upon a vapor pressure of 1.1X10-8 mm Hg(4). Octachloronaphthalene is reported to have "poor" biodegradability(6). Tetra to hexachlorinated naphthalenes showed no biodegradation during 28 day aerobic biodegradation experiments(7). In addition, a predictive method based upon evaluated biodegradation data and the fact that octachloronaphthalene contains 8 aromatic chlorine substructures predicts that octachloronaphthalene has a low probability of biodegrading fast in the environment(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octachloronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.000731 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.1X10-8 mm Hg(4) and water solubility, 8X10-5 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8.2 hours and 8.7 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). Octachloronaphthalene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(13). Octachloronaphthalene absorbs light with wavelengths >290 nm(4), and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 330(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). However, in another experiment no uptake of octachloronaphthalene was observed, and it was proposed that the lack of uptake was due to the size of the octachloronaphthalene molecule and its inability to permeate through the membrane(8,9). Octachloronaphthalene is reported to have "poor" biodegradability(10). Tetra to hexachlorinated naphthalenes showed no biodegradation during 28 day aerobic biodegradation experiments(11). In addition, a predictive method based upon evaluated biodegradation data and the fact that octachloronaphthalene contains 8 aromatic chlorine substructures predicts that octachloronaphthalene has a low probability of biodegrading fast in the environment(12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), octachloronaphthalene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.1X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase octachloronaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 830 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase octachloronaphthalene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Octachloronaphthalene absorbs light with wavelengths >290 nm(4), and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

IDENTIFICATION: There are 75 possible congeners of chlorinated naphthalenes. Commercial products are generally mixtures of several congeners and range from thin liquids to hard waxes to high melting point solids. The higher chlorinated naphthalene products have been used as impregnants for condensers and capacitors and dipping encapsulating cmpd in electronic and automotive applications and as temporary binders in the manufacture of ceramic components, in paper coating and in precision casting of alloys, in electroplating, stop-off cmpd, as additive in gear oils and cutting cmpd, in flame proofing and insulation of electrical cable and conductors and moisture proof sealants, as separators in batteries, in refractive index testing oils, masking cmpd in electroplating and in grinding wheel lubricants. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The major sources of release of chlorinated naphthalenes into the environment are likely from waste incineration and disposal of items containing chlorinated naphthalenes to landfill. In the past, chlorinated naphthalene concn of up to 14.5 mg/cu m have been measured in the workplace, while levels of 25-2900 ng/cu m have been recorded in out door air in vicinity of manufacturing sites. More recently, monitoring studies have revealed chlorinated naphthalene concn up to 150 pg/cu m at semirural sites and 1-40 pg/cu m at remote sites. Chlorinated naphthalenes can be absorbed via oral, inhalative and dermal routes, with absorption and distribution over the whole body after oral admin. Chlorinated naphthalenes, especially the dioxin like congeners, have been detected in adipose tissue, liver, blood and breast milk samples from the general population at concn in the ng/kg lipid range. Severe skin reactions (chloracne) and liver disease have been reported after occupational exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes. Chloracne was common among workers who handling chlorinated naphthalenes in the 1930's to 1940's. A cohort study on workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes at a cable manufacturing plant found an excess of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver. However, individuals with chloracne did not show a higher mortality due to liver cirrhosis compared with other workers. The mortality from all cancers was slightly but significantly elevated among all exposed men (standardized mortality ratio =1.18), but was not more elevated in the subcohort with chloracne. This subcohort showed statistically significant excess mortality from cancer of the esophagus and from benign and unspecified neoplasms. Symptoms described in workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes included irritation of the eyes, fatigue, headache, anemia, hematuria, impotency, anorexia, vomiting and severe abdominal pain. ANIMAL STUDIES: Chlorinated naphthalenes have been shown to be highly bioaccumulative in fish, but less so in shrimp and algae. The amount of bioaccumulation observed incr with the degree of chlorination of the chlorinated naphthalenes. The most highly chlorinated naphthalenes do not appear to bioaccumulate. Chlorinated naphthalene concn in fish range up to a maximum of around 300 ug/kg lipid weight. 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene has demonstrated no mutagenicity in the Salmonella Ames test. Monitoring studies with seabird eggs have revealed a decr in chlorinated naphthalene levels between 1974 and 1987. Hydroxy metabolites have been identified mostly for the lower chlorinated naphthalenes (mono- to tetra-) in experimental animals. Cattle developed severe systemic disease (bovine hyperkeratosis) during a 5-10 day oral exposure to 1.7-2.4 mg/kg bw/day of penta-, hexa-hepta- or octachlorinated naphthalenes. There are also preliminary indications for the occurrence of methylthio- or methyl sulfoxide chloronaphthalene metabolites in the feces of rats. Elimination of the parent compounds and/or metabolites occurs via feces and urine. The higher chlorinated congeners appeared to be more toxic than the lower chlorinated ones. Long term and carcinogenicity studies with chlorinated naphthalenes have not been performed. Like related cmpd, chlorinated naphthalenes have been demonstrated to be inducers of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) dependent microsomal enzymes. Chlorinated naphthalenes were also found to change lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats in a manner indicative of oxidative stress. At least some of the biological and toxic responses of chlorinated naphthalenes are believed to be mediated via the cytosolic Ah receptor, resembling those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related cmpd. All chlorinated naphthalenes tested cause skin irritations in laboratory animals. Chlorinated napthalenes appear to be of moderate to high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. The amount of bioaccumulation observed increases with the amount of chlorination of the chlorinated naphthalenes, but the most highly chlorinated naphthalenes (octachloronaphthalene) do not appear to bioaccumulate. /Chlorinated naphthalenes, Higher Chlorinated Naphthalenes/

Polychlorinated naphthalenes were analyzed in blubber, nuchal fat, liver, muscle, kidney, and brain of three male harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the west coast of Sweden, and octachloronaphthalene was not detected in any tissues(1). Polychlorinated naphthalenes were measured in the eggs (white and yoke) of double-crested cormorants and herring gulls collected from Michigan waters of the Great Lakes and were in the ranges of 380-2,400 and 83-1,300 pg/g wet weight, respectively, of which octachloronaphthalenes made up approximately 0%(2).

MAY BE ABSORBED!

Acne-form dermatitis; liver damage, jaundice

Octachloronaphthalene concns of 50-130 ug/L were detected in industrial wastewaters from aluminum smelting processes that used either hexachloroethane-chlorine gas or dichloroethane-Freon gas treatments(1). Stack gas samples were collected from five different municipal waste incinerators in Spain; octachloronaphthalene represented the lowest contribution to the total polychlorinated naphthalenes, 0.14-2.88%, and concentrations varied from 0.002 to 0.12 ng.cu m(2). Octachloronaphthalene was not detected in the crude, purified, and flue gases of waste gasification and combustion of a pilot plant(3).Octachloronaphthalene concentrations in the purified gas after addition of PVC and polyester were 700 and 20 g/cu m, respectively(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for octachloronaphthalene can be estimated to be 1.1X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that octachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Octachloronaphthalene is included on this list.

Used as additives to lubricants and cable insulation (fire retardants); [ACGIH]

The manufacturing of chlorinated naphthalenes (Halowax) has been discontinued in the USA since 1977.

... Except in special cases, chlorinated naphthalenes are no longer used in capacitors or electric cable coverings. Their use as lubricants has also been largely discontinued. Practice in individual countries varies, however. In the USA, for example, chlorinated naphthalenes are no longer used as wood preservatives. /Chlorinated naphthalenes/

Octachloronaphthalene has been utilized as a fireproof and waterproof additive in cable insulation and in other protective coating materials ... /and/ as an additive to lubricants.

...Additive for cutting oils.

Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octachloro-: ACTIVE

Koppers Co, Inc., the sole U.S. producer, ceased manufacturing their chloronaphthalene products (Halowax) in 1977.

Commercial PCNs were produced by several companies, eg, Koppers Chemical Co., Halochem, Prodelec, Bayer, and ICI, and marketed under a number of trade names including Halowaxes, Nibren wasex, Seekay waxes, and Clonacire waxes. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/

... Most of the commercial PCNs were complex mixtures of isomers and cogeners, although two products, namely monoPCN and Halowax 1051/N-Wax 80, contained primarily 1-chloronaphthalene and octachloronaphthalene, respectively. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/