Cryolite

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sodium aluminum fluoride (as F):

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3] as F, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material. Water fog can be used to control fire. DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material. Violent reaction may result. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /Aluminum Alkyls/

Extremely reactive with air, moisture and compounds containing active hydrogen and therefore must be kept under a blanket of inert gas. /Aluminum alkyls/

In general, materials ... toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ... Should be stored in cool ... ventilated place, out of ... sun, away from ... fire hazard ... be periodically inspected and monitored. Incompatible materials should be isolated ...

All possibility of contact with water must be avoided. Solution containing not more than 20% of these compounds in non-reactive solvents, however, can be handled without risk of spontaneous ignition. /Aluminum alkyls/

Must be stored in an inert atmosphere; sensitive to oxidation and hydrolysis in air. /Trialkylaluminums/

Separate from air, water, halocarbons, alcohols. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquid storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. /Aluminum alkyls/

Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

EC50 Simocephalus 5.0 mg/L/48 hr at 15 °C, first instar (95% confidence limit 3.6-6.8 mg/L) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L. /Technical material, 96%/

EC50 Daphnia pulex 10.0 mg/L/48 hr at 15 °C, first instar (95% confidence limit 7.6-13.0 mg/L) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L. /Technical material, 96%/

LC50 Rainbow trout 47.0 mg/L/96 hr at 12 °C, wt 1.8 g Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L. /Technical material, 96%/

LC50 Bluegill >400 mg/L/96 hr at 24 °C, wt 0.8 g Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L. /Technical material, 96%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

CRYOLITE APPLIED TO GRAPES AT VARIOUS RATES & FORMULATIONS FOR CONTROL OF OMNIVEROUS LEAF ROLLER: APPLIED ON JUNE 3 & JULY 21, RESIDUES AFTER 30 DAYS WERE APPROX 5.9 PPM (ACCEPTABLE). LATER APPLICATIONS GAVE UNACCEPTABLE LEVELS (GREATER THAN 7 PPM) IN RAISINS PRODUCED.

Nausea. Vomiting.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

irritation eyes, respiratory system; nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea; salivation, thirst, sweating; stiff spine; dermatitis; calcification of ligaments of ribs, pelvis

Fluoride levels in urine should be checked periodically and all workers should be subjected to periodical skeletal X-ray exam, particularly of the pelvis. /Fluoride and cmpd/

... Provided urinary fluoride levels in workers are consistently no higher than 4 ppm, there appears to be little need for concern; at a urinary fluoride level of 6 ppm more elaborate monitoring and/or controls should be considered ; at a level of 8 ppm and above, it is to be expected that deposition of fluoride will, if exposure is allowed to continue for many years, lead to increased osseous radio-opacity. /Halogens and their compounds/

... LARGE DEPOSITS EXISTED IN GREENLAND AND IN THE URALS.

Aluminum sodium fluoride (cryolite) is a naturally occurring aluminum containing mineral(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In one study of cryolite workers, about half complained about loss of appetite, and shortness of breath; a smaller portion mentioned constipation, localized pain in the region of the liver, and other symptoms. A slight degree of fluorosis was found in cryolite workers exposed for 2 to 2.5 years; more definite signs were found in workers exposed nearly 5 years, and signs of moderate fluorosis appeared in those with more than 11 years exposure.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ At two x-ray exams in 1957 & 1967, 17 cases of skeletal fluorosis were identified among long term cryolite workers in Copenhagen. In 1982, four of these patients were alive, 8-15 yrs after exposure had ended. Radiographs were obtained, and the urinary fluoride excretion was measured. A similar picture emerged in all 4 cases: extensive fading of the sclerosis of trabecular bone in ribs, vertebral bodies, and pelvis, whereas cortical bone thickening, calcification of muscle insertions and ligaments remained virtually unchanged. The fluoride excretion was increased in 3 cases (with the shortest exposure free period). These findings indicate that with continuous remodelling of bone tissue trabecular sclerosis is slowly reversible & the excess fluoride is excreted in the urine.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ About half of ...cryolite workers complained of lack of appetite, shortness of breath; a smaller proportion mentioned constipation, localized pain in region of liver and other symptoms. ...A slight degree of fluorosis was found in /cryolite/ workers exposed for 2-2.5 years while more definite signs were found in those exposed nearly 5 years, and signs of moderate fluorosis appeared in those with more than 11 years of exposure. Most severe cases /of fluorosis/ were those of men who had 21 years of exposure. However, not all /cryolite/ workers developed fluorosis, no abnormalities being detected in 1 man after 24 years of work.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In human beings, the major manifestations of chronic ingestion of excessive amount of fluoride are osteosclerosis and mottled enamel. Osteosclerosis is characterized by increased bone density secondary both to elevated osteoblastic activity and to the replacement of hydroxyapatite by the denser fluoroapatite. /Fluoride/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...The complex sodium aluminum fluoride, natural cryolite, has a reported LDLO for the rabbit of 9,000 mg/kg, indicating essential nontoxicity by /the oral/ route; the synthetic form is somewhat more toxic. Intraperitoneally, however, the LD50 for the rat is 59 mg/kg, indicating high toxicity. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... /Cryolite/ is non-phytotoxic at insecticidal concentration. ... It is of low acute toxicity to mammals; chronic intoxication is produced in some animal species by daily administration of 15-150 mg/kg.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute toxicity by ingestion is known to be very low (eg, ip lethal dose in rats is 100 times that of sodium fluoride).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a 21-day subchronic dermal toxicity study, cryolite (96% a.i.) was administered dermally to 5 New Zealand White rabbits/sex at dose levels of 0, 25, 250, or 1000 mg/kg/day. Exposure was for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk. The following signs were probably due to inadvertent oral exposure (rabbits were observed licking their fur during the study). Signs of toxicity included: mortality in males (3/5) and females (1/5) at 1000 mg/kg/day; clinical signs of toxicity (thin appearance, hypoactivity); actual decreases in absolute body weight (up to 400 gms) throughout the study; anemia and changes in several clinical chemistry parameters. At 250 mg/kg/day, body weight was only decreased on day 5 with weight gain returning to normal for the duration of the study. The systemic LOEL and NOEL due to dermal exposure can not be determined. Signs and mortality were probably due to oral exposure.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for combined residues of the insecticidal fluorine compounds cryolite and synthetic cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride) in or on the following agricultural commodities: apricot; blackberry; blueberry (huckleberry); boysenberry; broccoli; Brussels sprouts; cabbage; cauliflower; collards; cranberry; cucumber; dewberry; eggplant; fruit, citrus; grape; kale; kohlrabi; lettuce; loganberry; melon; nectarine; peach; pepper; plum, prune, fresh; pumpkin; raspberry; squash, summer; squash, winter; strawberry; tomato; and youngberry.

Time-limited tolerances are established for residues of the insecticidal fluorine compounds cryolite and synthetic cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride) in or on the commodities as follows: potato, expiration/revocation date 11/21/2001; potato, waste from processing, expiration/revocation date 11/21/2001.

Tolerances with regional registration, as defined by section 180.1(n), are established for the combined residues of the insecticidal fluorine compounds, cryolite and synthetic cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride), in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: kiwifruit.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Cryolite is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0087; Pesticide type: insecticide; Registration Standard Date: 05/23/88; Case Status: RED Approved 06/96; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Cryolite; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 07/20/90, 11/15/96; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

(AZ) ARIZONA 73 ug/l /Aluminum/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 200 ug/l /Aluminum/

(ME) MAINE 1430 ug/l /Aluminum/