3-Isocyanatmethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanat

Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Signs and Symptoms of Isophorone Diisocyanate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of isophorone diisocyanate exposure include the following: itching skin, skin rashes, tearing of the eyes, inflammation of nasal mucous membrane, and respiratory irritation. Gastrointestinal irritation may also occur. Difficulty in breathing and skin rash may be observed upon re-exposure.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.005 [ppm], Ceiling = 0.01 ppm[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Where there is a fire involving isocyanates, carbon dioxide or powder extinguishers must be employed. Firemen must be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus. /Isocyanates/

Isocyanates are transported in railroad tank cars, tank trucks, tanks in ships, containers, and drums. They are stored in steel tanks and processed in steel equipment. For long-term storage stainless steel is recommended. To avoid contamination by atmospheric moisture, a dry air or inert gas blanket is essential. /Isocyanates/

Decontamination of spilled isocyanates and disposal of isocyanate waste are best conducted by using aqueous ammonia (3-8% concentrated ammonia solution in 90-95% water with 0.2-5% liquid detergent) or aqueous sodium carbonate (5-10% sodium carbonate in 90-95% water and 0.2-5% liquid detergent). An alcoholic solution (50% ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or butanol; 45% water; and 5% concentrated ammonia) may be preferred because of the low miscibility of isocyanates with water. /Isocyanates/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Treat remaining liquid with a mixture of ammonia (4-8%), detergent (2%), and water. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isocyanates hydrolyze rapidly in water(1); therefore, soil mobility, biodegradation, and volatilization of isophorone diisocyanate in moist soil are not expected to be important environmental fate processes(SRC). Volatilization of isophorone diisocyanate from dry soils is not expected based on a vapor pressure of 3.0X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Since isocyanates hydrolyze rapidly in water(1) biodegradation, aquatic bioconcentration, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment of isophorone diisocyanate are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isophorone diisocyanate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.0X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isophorone diisocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Since isocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate hydrolyze readily with water(4), atmospheric degradation may occur through contact with clouds, fog or rain(SRC). Isophorone diisocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and through the skin.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Isophorone diisocyanate is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent odor. It is completely miscible with esters, ketones, ethers, and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. This chemical is used in the production of polyurethanes with high stability; raw material for polyurethane paints, varnishes, and elastomers, industrial coating applications, electrostatic powder coatings, and one pack polyurethane enamels. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Human volunteers exposed to aerosol of isophorone diisocyanate exhibited irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose; as concentrations increased strong irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and breathing passages was observed. Strong mucous membrane irritation causes eye, pulmonary and gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Contact dermatitis, both irritant and allergic forms, have been observed in individuals exposed to isocyanates. Isocyanate induced asthma and sensitization will exhibit traditional symptoms of acute airway obstruction, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness of the chest and nocturnal awakening. Asthma reactions may result. Isocyanate induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis symptoms are flu like including shortness of breath, nonproductive cough, fevers, chills, sweats, malaise and nausea. Irreversible decrease in pulmonary function and the development of interstitial fibrosis may result. Exposure to high doses of isocyanates may produce fatal pulmonary edema or catarrh. Occupational asthma has been associated with isophorone diisocyanate exposure in the workplace and may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isophorone diisocyanate is produced or used. Cross sensitivity can occur between isophorone diamine and isophorone diisocyanate which are chemically related in workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: Isophorone diisocyanate applied epicutaneously (non-occluded) to intact skin of guinea pigs showed contact skin sensitization evident at the initial challenge and negligible upon rechallenge. Rats exposed to isophorone diisocyanate by inhalation had nonspecific irritation, gasping vasodilation; brown staining of the fur of the snout and head, noisy respiration; loss of body weight and depression of food and water consumption on day of exposure; mild subpleural congestion. Isophorone diisocyanate induced significant contact dermatitis in female mice.

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Burning sensation. Abdominal pain.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; chest tightness, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), cough, sore throat; bronchitis, wheezing, pulmonary edema; possible resp sensitization, asthma

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=4098-71-9]

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Human volunteers were exposed/ to aerosol isophorone diisocyanate for 1 to 5 minutes. Symptoms: 0.00025 mg/L just perceptible; 0.00064 mg/L slight irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose; 0.00137 mg/L strong irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and the breathing passages, intolerable.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Two workers who were allergic to isophorone diamine and two volunteers who had been sensitized to isophorone diamine were patch tested 1 month later with isophorone diisocyanate (1% in ethanol); the ... /patches/ were removed at 48 hours and read at 48 and 96 hours. They were strongly positive in the 4 patients. Five adult volunteers were patch tested with isophorone diisocyanate; none of the control subjects was positive. Cross-sensitivity can occur between isophorone diamine and isophorone diisocyanate which are chemically related but used in entirely different industrial processes.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An isocyanate generation apparatus was developed and stable isocyanate atmospheres were obtained. At a concentration of 5 ug 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) per cu m the precision was found to be 7% (n = 5). Three volunteers were each exposed to three different concentrations of HDI (11.9, 20.5, and 22.1 ug/cu m) and three concentrations of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (12.1, 17.7, and 50.7 ug/cu m), in an exposure chamber. The duration of the exposure was 2 hr. Urine and blood samples were collected, and hydrolysed under alkaline conditions to the HDI and IPDI corresponding amines, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HDA) and isophorone diamine (IPDA), determined as their pentafluoropropionic anhydride amides (HDA-PFPA and IPDA-PFPA). The HDA- and IPDA-PFPA derivatives were analysed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with thermospray monitoring negative ions. When working up samples from the exposed persons without hydrolysis, no HDA or IPDA was seen. The average urinary excretion of the corresponding amine was 39% for HDI and 27% for IPDI. An association between the estimated inhaled dose and the total excreted amount was seen. The average urinary elimination half-time for HDA was 2.5 hr and for IPDA, 2.8 hr. The hydrolysis condition giving the highest yield of HDA and IPDA in urine was found to be hydrolysis with 3 M sodium hydroxide during 4 hr. No HDA or IPDA could be found in hydrolysed plasma (< ca 0.1 ug/L).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Sera of six workers with conclusive evidence for IgE-mediated sensitization to isocyanates were used for evaluation of immunologic cross-reactivities among eight different isocyanate-protein conjugates. In all cases RAST and/or skin-test investigations revealed the presence of IgE antibodies reacting specifically with HSA conjugated with those isocyanates to which workers were exposed as well as with other isocyanates with which they had not been in contact. By the RAST inhibition technique, moderate to strong mutual cross-reactivities between all tested isocyanate-HSA conjugates--even between aromatic and aliphatic ones--could be demonstrated in tests with five sera. The magnitudes of cross-reactivities differed, however, from one patient to another. One serum contained IgE antibodies that were almost completely specific to TDI-HSA; with this serum only weak cross-reactivities with other isocyanate conjugates could be demonstrated. These results indicate the predominance of closely related antigenic determinants in HSA conjugated with different isocyanates. The common antibody-binding regions are obviously recognized to different extents by antibodies of clinically sensitized workers, indicating individual differences in specificities and avidities of antibody populations. Nearly complete lack of IgE binding of ovalbumin-bound TDI in RAST and RAST inhibition indicates carrier-specific antigenicity of isocyanate-protein conjugates. In addition, since unmodified HSA did not bind IgE, antigenic determinants of the conjugates studied should be predominantly formed by the isocyanate-protein bond regions and concurrently by neighboring amino acid residues of the HSA molecule. /Isocyanates/

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 10/29/90; Reporting date: 12/27-90.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Cyclohexane, 5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl- is included on this list. Effective date: 6/1/87; Sunset date: 6/1/97.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Isophorone diisocyanate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.