Zurück
HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemie-Druckbericht · Nur für Forschungszwecke
HCID 17822Erstellt: 25. Oktober 2026

1-Chlor-1,2,2,2-tetrafluorethan

HCFC-124 · r124 · FC124 · R 124 · r-124 · CFC124 · HFC124 · DF-124

https://huagongshe.com/de/chemical/17822

Molekülstruktur von 1-Chlor-1,2,2,2-tetrafluorethan

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.2837-89-0
SummenformelC2HClF4
Durchschnittliche Molmasse136,47 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse135,97029059 g/mol
SMILESFC(Cl)C(F)(F)F
InChIKeyBOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID17822
EC No.220-629-6
DTXSIDDTXSID7029245
Lokaler Name1-Chlor-1,2,2,2-tetrafluorethan

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

XLogP2,4
Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)0
H-Brücken-Donoren0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren4
Frei drehbare Bindungen0
Schwere Atome7
Formalladung0
Komplexität57,2
PFASPFAS -> PFAS with analytical method available
SolventsSolvents -> Chlorofluorocarbons
Dichte1.364 g/mL at 25 °C1.364 @25 °C1.264
ViscosityGas: 0.138 mPa.s at 60 °CLiquid: 0.0314 mPa.s at 25 °C
Color/FormColorless gas
LöslichkeitIn water, 1.5X10+3 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 1.71 wt% at 24 °C, 101.3 kPa
Siedepunkt13.6 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)-12 °C12 °C @760 [mm Hg]-12°C
DecompositionUnder certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/The appearance of toxic decomposition products serves as warning of the occurrence of thermal decompositon and detection of a sharp acrid odor warns of the presence of these products. /Fluorocarbons/When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride/.
Schmelzpunkt-179 °F (USCG, 1999)-199 °C-100°C
Dampfdichte4.7 (Air = 1)
Dampfdruck385 kPa (2,888 mm Hg) at 25 °C2888 [mm Hg] @25 °C
Heat of VaporizationLatent heat of vaporization: 167.9 kJ/kg
Brechungsindex1.3022 (estimate)
Henry-Konstante1.1×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Kutsuna (2013)
CAS Datenbank2837-89-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(2837-89-0)
EPA chemische InformationenHCFC-124 (2837-89-0)
ECETOC JACC REPORT2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (2837-89-0)

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-EinstufungWarningH280 (61.8%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P410+P403, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 123 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.DangerH280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure
Regulatorische InformationenChemical: Ethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-Ethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)PMN - indicates a commenced PMN (Pre-Manufacture Notices) substance.Ethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- (Refrigerant gas 124): Non hazardousThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
DOT-KennzeichnungNon-Flammable Gas
BrandgefahrenExcerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:· Some may burn but none ignite readily.
BrandpotenzialNon-flammable gas
GesundheitsgefahrenExcerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:Displaces air such that oxygen content may become too low to support life. Prolonged exposure can cause narcotic effect or rapid suffocation. Contact with liquid may cause frostbite. (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
GefahrenübersichtEvaporating liquid can cause frostbite[CHEMINFO] Can cause anesthesia and sensitize the heart to catecholaminesMay cause liver injuryVapors are heavier than air and can accumulate in low-lying areas[HSDB] In confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiantInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmiasA severe eye irritant[MSDSonline] 25,000 ppm is the threshold for cardiac sensitization in dogs[AIHA]Chlorotetrafluoroethane can be a mixture of 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane. [HSDB] In confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiantMay cause CNS depression[CAMEO] See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS.
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch1021 126
FDA-AnforderungenThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/
Reaktive GruppeFluorinated Organic Compounds
Special ReportsZakhari S, Aviado DMCardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related SolventsTarget Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pagesRaven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.... The lifetimes of halohydrocarbons in air is presented. /Halohydrocarbons/[USEPA/ORDComments on the Lifetimes of Organic Molecules in Air. EPA-600/9-80-003 (1980)]Trochimoxicz HJToxzicology Letters 68 (1/2): 25-30 (1993). Industrial research on alternative fluorocarbons. Discussion of proposed toxicity tests and results of previous tests.WHOEnviron Health Criteria 139 Partially Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (ethane derivatives) p.130 (1992). Discussion of studies on the environmental transport, distribution and transformaiton data on biodegradation in the environment of partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons.For more Special Reports (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986 - 2004[UNEPOzone Secretariat UNEP November 2005, Available from, as of march 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/Production_and_consumption2005.pdf]
Reactivity Profile2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature.CHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. Can react with strong oxidizing agents or weaker oxidizing agents under extremes of temperature.
DOT Emergency Guidelines/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket./GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases./GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering./GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
BrandbekämpfungExcerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:
Freisetungsmaßnahmen· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Erste HilfeExcerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:Call a physician.General First Aid:
Firefighting HazardsR-124 is not flammable at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. However, this material will become combustible when mixed with air under pressure and exposed to strong ignition sources. Contact with certain reactive metals may result in formation of explosive or exothermic reactions under specific conditions (e.g. very high temperatures and/or appropriate pressures).
Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
BrandbekämpfungsverfahrenUse an extinguishing agent suitable for the surrounding fire. Apply water from a safe distance to cool container and protect surrounding area. If involved in fire, shut off flow immediately if it can be done without risk. Contains gas under pressure. In a fire or if heated, a pressure increase will occur and the container may burst or explode.Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode.Firefighters should wear self-contained, NIOSH-approved breathing apparatus for protection against possible toxic decomposition products. Proper eye and skin protection should be provided.If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
LagerbedingungenStore in a cool, well-ventilated area of low fire risk and out of direct sunlight. Protect cylinder and its fittings from physical damage. Storage in subsurface locations should be avoided. Close valve tightly after use and when empty.Cylinders should be stored upright, with valve protection cap in place, and firmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. Cylinder temperatures should not exceed 52 °C (125 °F).
ReinigungsverfahrenShut off gas supply if this can be done safely. Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
Freisetung ohne BrandExcerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:
EntsorgungsverfahrenSRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Preventive MeasuresHigh pressure gas. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Close valve after each use and when empty. Protect cylinders from physical damagedo not drag, roll, slide, or drop. Use a suitable hand truck for cylinder movement.Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists or dusts.Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product.Sufficient exhaust & general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concentrations below recommended levels. /Fluorocarbons/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.SUFFICIENT EXHAUST & GENERAL VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO KEEP VAPOR CONCN BELOW RECOMMENDED LEVELS. /FLUOROCARBONS/
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:Immediate precautionary measure
WechselwirkungenExposure of dogs to concentrations of 2.5% (139,500 mg/cu m) or greater combined with concurrent injection of epinephrine (adrenalin) at 0.008 mg/kg resulted in cardiac sensitization to the epinephrine.If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/
UmweltverhaltenTERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetraflluroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetraflluroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.714 atm-cu m/mole(3). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetraflluroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2890 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane did not biodegrade over 28 days using a filtered sample of secondary effluent from a sewage plant(4) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetraflluroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.714 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 hrs and 4.8 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.86(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane did not biodegrade over 28 days using a filtered sample of secondary effluent from a sewage plant(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 2888 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely in the gas phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, chlorine radicals, and electronically excited atomic oxygen (O(1D))(3). The final tropospheric products from reaction of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals are trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), HF, and HCl(4,5). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has a total atmospheric lifetime of 5.9 years, a hydroxy radical lifetime of 6.3 years (tropospheric OH calculated relative to 6.1 yr for CH3CCl3 at -1 °C), and a stratospheric lifetime of 111 years(6). Physical removal of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane via dry or wet deposition is negligibly slow(7). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(8) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). As a result of its long atmospheric half-life, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane will slowly diffuse to the stratosphere. Once in the upper stratosphere, halogenated hydrocarbons are dissociated through photolysis, reaction with hydroxyl radical and excited atomic oxygen resulting in the release of chlorine. These chlorine atoms then become part of a catalytic process that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer(9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The atmospheric degradation of three chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement compounds, namely HFC-134a, HCFC-123, and HCFC-124, results in the formation of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Concentrations of TFA were determined in precipitation and surface water samples collected in California and Nevada during 1996-1997. Terminal lake systems were found to have concentrations 4-13 times higher than their calculated yearly inputs, providing evidence for accumulation. The results support dry deposition as the primary contributor of TFA to surface waters in arid and semiarid environments. Precipitation samples obtained from three different locations contained 20.7-1530 ng/L with significantly higher concentrations in fogwater (median = 689 ng/L) over rainwater (median = 63.7 ng/L). Elevated levels of TFA were observed for rainwater in Nevada (median = 136 ng/L) over those in California (median = 49.5 ng/L), indicating continual uptake and concentration as clouds move from a semiarid to arid climate. Thus several mechanisms exist, including evaporative concentration, vapor-liquid phase partitioning, lowered washout volumes of atmospheric deposition water, and dry deposition, which may lead to elevated concentrations of TFA in atmospheric and surface waters above levels expected from usual rainfall washout.
Unerwünschte WirkungenNeurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
Effluent ConcentrationsUnited States emissions of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from 2004-2006 was measured as 0.4-1.6 Gg/yr, average 1.0 Gg/yr, via whole air sampling from various aircraft(1). The concentration of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane in the Northern Hemisphere was estimated as of 2.0 parts per trillion volume from emission scenarios(2).
Soil Adsorption/MobilityUsing a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane can be estimated to be 140(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil.
Atmospheric Concentrations2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has measured global atmospheric mole fractions of 1.43, 1.48, and 1.47 parts per trillion for 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. In addition the growth rate of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for 2007-2008, as measured by ground-based sampling, was -0.01 parts per trillion/yr (-0.8%/yr)(1).
Human Toxicity Excerpts/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Propellant /fluorocarbon/ gases were generated ... from a distance of 50 cm for periods of 15 to 60 seconds. At a measured concentration of 95,000 mg/cu m (1700 ppm), there was biphasic change in ventilatory capacity, the first reduction occurring within few min after exposure, & second delayed until 13 to 30 min after exposure. Most subjects developed bradycardia, & inversion of the t-wave. /Propellant gases//HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Limited studies in animals indicate potential hepatotoxicity of some of these compounds. /The authors/ investigated an epidemic of liver disease in nine industrial workers who had had repeated accidental exposure to a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC 123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124). All nine exposed workers were affected to various degrees. Both compounds are metabolised in the same way as 1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (halothane) to form reactive trifluoroacetyl halide intermediates, which have been implicated in the hepatotoxicity of halothane. /Investigators/ aimed to test whether HCFCs 123 and 124 can result in serious liver disease. For one severely affected worker liver biopsy and immunohistochemical stainings for the presence of trifluoroacetyl protein adducts were done. The serum of six affected workers and five controls was tested for autoantibodies that react with human liver cytochrome-P450 2E1 (P450 2E1) and P58 protein disulphide isomerase isoform (P58). The liver biopsy sample showed hepatocellular necrosis which was prominent in perivenular zone three and extended focally from portal tracts to portal tracts and centrilobular areas (bridging necrosis). Trifluoroacetyl-adducted proteins were detected in surviving hepatocytes. Autoantibodies against P450 2E1 or P58, previously associated with halothane hepatitis, were detected in the serum of five affected workers. Repeated exposure of human beings to HCFCs 123 and 124 can result in serious liver injury in a large proportion of the exposed population. Although the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity of these agents is not known, the results suggest that trifluoroacetyl-altered liver proteins are involved. In view of the potentially widespread use of these compounds, there is an urgent need to develop safer alternatives./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors & rarely coma, but that these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae. Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ is in considerable doubt. Freezing of airway soft tissues can probably be eliminated as a cause of death except in cases where the product was sprayed directly into the mouth from its container or from a balloon containing some liquid. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, or sensitization of myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with subsequent ventricular fibrillation appear to be reasonable possibilities. /Fluorocarbon Refrigerants & Propellants//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Non-occupational exposure and accidental or abusive inhalation of aerosols /due to Fluorocarbon propellants/ have also been documented, the main symptoms being CNS depression and cardiovascular reactions. Cardiac arrhythmia, possibly aggravated by elevated levels of catecholamines due to stress or by moderate hypercapnia, is suggested as the cause of these adverse response, which may lead to death. /Fluorocarbon propellants/For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Artificial Pollution Sources2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane's production and use as a refrigerant, a sterilant(1), and a foam-blowing agent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as , a fire suppressant(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
Environmental BiodegradationAEROBIC: 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane did not aerobically biodegrade over 28 days when introduced to a mineral medium inoculated with a filtered sample of secondary effluent from a sewage plant(1).PURE CULTURE: 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane was not degraded by 4 strains of aerobic bacteria (Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5, and ENV2040 and ENV2041 both of which are methanotrophs obtained from agricultural soil)these were specifically selected for their ability to degrade hydrohalocarbons, in a screening study(1).
Environmental BioconcentrationAn estimated BCF of 8 was calculated in fish for 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.86(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
Volatilization from Water/SoilThe Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is 0.714 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.8 days(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane will volatilize from dry soil surfaces because it is a gas(SRC) with a vapor pressure of 2888 mm Hg(1).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In rats, there were no clinical signs observed during exposure to 48,000 ppm (267,974 mg/cu m) HCFC-124. The main clinical effects during exposure to 160,000 and 230,000 ppm (893,248 - 1,274,049 mg/cu m) were reduced activity, anesthesia, reduced acoustic startle and tail pinch responses. At 300,000 ppm (1,671,847 mg/cu m) exposure, all rats died./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Four groups of 6 rats/group were exposed, nose-only for a single 4 hour period to HCFC-124 at concentrations of 48,000, 160,000, 230,000 and 300,000 ppm. Rats were weighed prior to exposure and were observed for clinical signs of toxicity during and immediately after exposure. Rats were weighed and observed daily for 14 days post-exposure (except weekends). Chamber HCFC-124 concentrations (measured every 30 min.) were found to be close to target (overall range 88-106%), with a maximum coefficient of variability of 6%. 300,000 ppm - all six rats died during exposure. 48,000160,000 and 230,000 ppm - no deaths. 160,000 and 230,000 ppm - rats showed depressed acoustic-startle and tail-pinch response. Immediately following exposure, rats showed clinical signs of toxicity including incoordination, lethargy and prostration. 48,000 ppm - no clinical signs of toxicity during or immediately following exposure. All exposure groups showed slight (<10g) to moderate (10-20 g) weight loss on the day following exposure. One rat exposed to 48,000 ppm HFCF-124 that appeared to have been injured by its cage mate, exhibited severe (>20g) weight loss on the day following exposure. Thereafter all rats had a normal weight gain rate (approximately 5-10 g per day)./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Two groups of 10 rats/group were exposed to HCFC-124 at concentrations of 0, 100,000 and 360,000 ppm for 6 hours. A third group was treated similarly with air (control). Rats were observed during exposure and for a 14-day post exposure period. Rat weights were recorded immediately prior to exposure, and post exposure on days 8 and 15 (fasted weight on day 15). At day 15 all animals were sacrificed and necropsied. No deaths occurred at 100,000 or 360,000 ppm, however, no more material was available to test higher concentrations. Air control. All rats were normal during exposure and the 14 day post-exposure period. HCFC-124 exposure. Rats in 100,000 ppm group active for first 30 minutes of exposure then inactive for remainder of time. Rats in 360,000 ppm group, inactive for first 60 minutes, then anesthetized. During 14 day post-exposure period, all rats appeared normal.Gross pathology revealed no exposure related changes. There was no sign of HCFC-124 having an affect on weight gain. None of the effects noted were considered to be toxic./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Male guinea-pigs were used to assess the hepatotoxicity of HCFC-123 and possible potentiation by HCFC-124. Animals were exposed whole-body in a 300 L chamber, at 22-25 degrees C and 50-60% relative humidity (60 air changes per hour) /for 4 hours/. A preliminary study determined the exposure concentration of HCFC-123 required to produce no liver effect and moderate hepatotoxicity but without massive hepatic necrosis. Animals were exposed to HCFC-123 for 4 hours to 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 5,000 ppm and killed 48 hours post exposure. In the main study the possible interaction of HFCF-123 and HCFC-124 was investigated. Animals (n=5-9) were exposed for 4 hours to 5,000 ppm HCFC-123 or a combination of 5,000 ppm HCFC-123 plus 5,000 ppm HCFC-124 (blend of HCFC-123/124). Animals were exposed once or for 5 consecutive days. An additional group was exposed to 5,000 ppm HCFC-124 alone (single exposures only) and concurrent controls were exposed to air. At the end of exposure urine was collected until animals were killed at either 24 or 48 hours post exposure. Blood was collected for analysis, liver slices taken for histological processing, liver homogenates analyzed. Urine samples were analyzed for metabolites. Main study: Single exposure. 1) Great variability in the response to HCFC-123 or blend of HCFC-123/124 2) Increased mean serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 24 hours) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH, 24 and 48 hours) indicates a transient cytolytic action of HCFC-123the liver injury being confirmed by liver pathology that showed minor to moderate lesions 3) Absence of liver toxicity with HCFC-124 4) Very limited evidence of a potentiation of HCFC-123 liver toxicity by HCFC-124 5) Absence of any metabolic interaction. Urinary excretion: Animals exposed to HCFC-124 alone excreted very low levels of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA - 0.61 mg/24 hr). Animals exposed to the blend of HCFC123/124 and HCFC-123 excreted similar amounts of TFA (approx 6.4 mg/24 hr), chlorodifluoroacetic acid (CDFA) and fluoride.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ The chronic toxicity, oncogenicity, and mutagenicity of chlorotetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) were evaluated. In the chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study, male and female rats were exposed to 0, 2000, 10,000, or 50,000 ppm HCFC-124 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Body weights were obtained weekly during the first three months of the study and every other week for the remainder of the study. Food consumption was determined weekly. Clinical signs of toxicity were monitored throughout the study. An ophthalmological examination was performed on all animals prior to study start, and all surviving rats were examined at approximately 3, 12, and 24 months after study start. Clinical pathology was evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. An interim termination was conducted at 12 months. All surviving rats were necropsied at 24 months. A complete set of tissues was collected for microscopic examination, and selected tissues were weighed. There were no compound-related, adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, survival, clinical signs of toxicity, ophthalmoscopically observable ocular lesions, serum hormone concentrations, or clinical pathology parameters at any exposure concentration in either male or female rats. Compared to controls, urine fluoride was increased in males and females at all exposure concentrations, and plasma fluoride was increased in females at all exposure concentrations. Excretion of fluoride represents conversion of the parent molecule, and as such is not considered to be an adverse effect. There were no toxicologically significant, compound-related organ weight changes or gross or microscopic findings in male or female rats at any of the exposure concentrations tested. HCFC-124 was not toxic or carcinogenic in rats of either sex after inhalation exposure at concentrations of up to 50,000 ppm in this two-year chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study. After exposure to HCFC-124 for six hours per day, five days per week, for 24 months, the no-observed-adverse-effect level for male and female rats was 50,000 ppm. HCFC-124 was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA97, TA98, and TA100 with and without activation when evaluated at concentrations up to 60% HCFC-124 for 48 hours. No evidence of clastogenic activity was observed in cultured human lymphocytes at atmospheric concentrations up to 100% HCFC-124 for 3 hours, with and without metabolic activation. In vivo, no micronuclei were induced in mouse bone marrow cells following exposure of mice to concentrations of 99,000 ppm HCFC-124 6 hours/day for 2 days.
TSCA-Inventar-StatusTSCA listed
UN-TransportnummerUN 1021 (1-CHLORO-1,2,2,2- TETRAFLUOROETHANE (REFRIGERANT GAS R 124))
R-Sätze (R)59
GefahrensymboleXi
Sicherheitshinweise (S)59
Gefahrenklasse2.2
Gefahrstoffdaten2837-89-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Anwendungen & Verwendung

Verwenden

HCFC 124 has recently been developed as a replacement for fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. Its primary applications are as a refrigerant and foam-blowing agent.