le, Senf

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Safe Storage: Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only if stabilized.

Containers: 5 lb bottles.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pong, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) diet 82000 ppm (95% confidence interval: 66000-103000 ppm)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.1 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/L, and pH 7.8; Concentration: 85.6 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (Zebra Danio) embryo age 4 hr post fertilization, AB strain; Conditions: freshwater, static, 28 °C, pH 6.8-7.0; Concentration: 40-400 ug/L for 20 hr /100% purity/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka) juvenile age 28-43 days, weight 18-21 mg; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.88, hardness 45.8 (38.0-52.0) mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45.9 (35.0-58.5) mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/L; Concentration: 77 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 54-109 ug/L) /97.0% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 260(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that allyl isothiocyanate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of allyl isothiocyanate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.41X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.70 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 2000 mg/L(4). Allyl isothiocyanate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate. When maintained under aerobic conditions, transformation rates were not affected(5), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 260(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that allyl isothiocyanate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.70 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2000 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6.5 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 12(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.15(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A mean half-life of 2 days in 6 different soils maintained at 75% moisture capacity and 20 °C was reported for allyl isothiocycanate. When maintained under aerobic conditions, transformation rates were not affected(10), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allyl isothiocycanate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl isothiocycanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 9.95X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Allyl isothiocycanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Alllyl isothiocyanate concentrations in various foods have been reported as follows: shredded cabbage 3 mg/kg; coleslaw 17 mg/kg; and horseradish roots 1.3-1.8 g/kg(1).

REPORTED USE: NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 0.02-0.50 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 0.50 PPM; CANDY 0.50 PPM; BAKED GOODS 5.2 PPM; CONDIMENTS 52 PPM; MEATS 87 PPM; SYRUPS 10-88 PPM

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)2)

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Allyl isothiocyanate is an allelopathic (inhibits the growth of surrounding plants) secondary matabolite produced by Alliaria petiolata(1), a herbaceous biennial native to Eurasia native and an invasive specie in North America(1,2); also known as garlic mustard(2). In plants, allyl isothiocyanate is formed from the glucosinolate sinigrin(3).

Plants containing allyl isothiocyanate(1).[Table#1723]

Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) /They are/ ... used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part. Allyl isothiocyanate is included on this list.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: Allyl isothiocyanate is included in nasal decongestant drug products.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: Allyl isothiocyanate is included in fever blister and cold sore treatment drug products.

The insecticide and repellent allyl isothiocyanate is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance for residues when used as a component of food grade oil of mustard, in or on all raw agricultural commodities, when applied according to approved labeling.

Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredients flower and vegetable oils, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of flower and vegetable oils and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing flower and vegetable oils for all uses, except the use of essential oils in antimicrobial products, are eligible for reregistration.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Allyl isothiocyanate is found on List D. Case No: 4097; Pesticide type: Insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, rodenticide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 01/94; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): Allyl isothiocyanate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 02/22/94, 10/13/95; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

Used to make flavors and war gases; Used medically as a counterirritant; [ChemIDplus] Used as a fungicide, insecticide fumigant, and a repellent for cats and dogs; Also used in some model airplane cements to deter glue sniffers and externally as a rubefacient; [HSDB] Generally recognized as safe by the FDA as a food additive; Used as an ethanol denaturant; [AIHA]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

For allyl isothiocyanate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 004901) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Fumigant, ointments, and mustard plasters.

Table: Reported uses (ppm): (FEMA, 1994) [Table#1725]

Manufacture flavors; war gas

2023: 50,000 - <250,000 lb

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 G

(1976) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#1724]

Allyl isothiocyanate

Allyl isosulfocyanate; Allyl thiocarbonimide; 1-Propenal, 3-isothiocyanato-; 2-Propenyl isothiocyanate; AITC

IFRA_STD_107.pdf

49

IFRA 51st Amendment - Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards

Prohibition: This material should not be used as a fragrance ingredient

REACTION OF ALLYL AMINE AND CARBON DISULFIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE

By distillation of sodium thiocyanate and allyl chloride.

Isolated from Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, Cruciferae (black mustard seed), or prepared from allyl iodide & potassium thiocyanate

Prepared by reaction of allyl bromide with ammonium thiocyanate followed by thermal rearrangement.

... Can be prepared by reacting allyl chloride with alkaline-earth or alkali isothiocyanates.

Outdoor Animal Repellant (Woodstream Corporation), Allyl isothiocyanate 0.2160%, Capsaicin (in oleoresin of capsicum) 0.0420%.

Insect Control Concentrate (Champon Millennium Chemicals, Inc), Allyl isothiocyanate 3.7%, Capsaicin (in oleoresin of capsicum) 0.42%.

Scent-Off Aroma Pouches (Baker's &18 Corporation), Allyl isothiocyanate 0.2000%, Oil of cintronella 1.2000%, Oil of lemongrass 2.000%, Oil of orange 0.0200%, Methyl salicylate 0.0200%, Bergamont oil 0.1100%, alpha-Ionone 0.0100, Geraniol 0.0400%.

Scent-Off Pellets (Baker's &18 Corporation), Allyl isothiocyanate 0.2000%, Oil of cintronella 1.2000%, Oil of lemongrass 2.000%, Oil of orange 0.0200%, Methyl salicylate 0.0200%, Bergamont oil 0.1100%, alpha-Ionone 0.0100, Geraniol 0.0400%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities

1-Propene, 3-isothiocyanato-: ACTIVE

The seed of sinapsis nigra contains the glycoside, sinigrin, which, in the presence of the enzyme myrosin, decomposes to yield allyl isothiocyanate (volatile oil of mustard)...

May have applications in packaged foods such as meat and meat products ... exhibits negligible goitrogenic activity