Chlorendic Acid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLORENDIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHLORENDIC ACID (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3500 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlorendic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of chlorendic acid is 3.1(7), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(8). Volatilization of chlorendic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Chlorendic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Based on data from several screening studies (2,6), chlorendic acid is not expected to biodegrade rapidly in the environment(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3500 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlorendic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of chlorendic acid is 3.1(7), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to suspended solids and sediment than their neutral counterparts(5). Because chlorendic acid will exist almost entirely as the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. In addition, based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4), volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values of <2.1 and <0.22, measured in orange-red killifish(2), suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on data from several screening studies(2,8), chlorendic acid is not expected to biodegrade rapidly in the environment(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorendic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase chlorendic acid may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

After oral and intravenous administration of radiolabelled chlorendic acid to rats, the substance was rapidly distributed throughout the body and rapidly metabolized. More than 90% of the radiolabel was excreted within 24 hr in the feces, mainly in a conjugated form. Only 3-6% was excreted in the urine. The highest concentrations of radiolabel were found in adipose tisue, liver, kidneys, whole blood and lung. ... The acute oral toxicity /for the rat/ is low ... Chlorendic acid and anhydride are skin irritants and severe eye and respiratory tract irritants in the rabbit. ... Chlorendic acid was tested for mutagenic potential ... in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolism system. Negative results were obtained ... A mouse lymphoma mutation assay in the absence of an exogenous metabolism system was positive. ... Chlorendic acid was positive in a transformation assay using BALB/c3T3 cells without metabolic activation ... Chlorendic acid did not give an increase of replicative DNA synthesis after oral or subcutaneous application ... to rats. ... Chlorendic acid was tested for carcinogenic potential in ... rats ... In addition to significant non-neoplastic changes in a number of organs, such as cystic degeneration and focal cellular changes, and bile duct hyperplasia in the liver, increases in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas ... and carcinomas, significant at the highest dose level, ... were found. Furthermore, slight increases in acinar cell adenomas of the pancreas and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas in the lung were found ... Chlorendic acid tested in ... mice ... showed an increased incidence of necrosis and mitotic alteration in the liver. An increase in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was found ... An increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas was found ... Tests showed that chlorendic acid has promoting activity. ... Data on the exposure of humans and of organisms in the environment are lacking. Both substances /chlorendic acid and its anhydride/ seem to have low acute and subacute oral toxicity, but they are dermal, eye, and respiratory irritants. From the results of long term toxicity/carcinogenicity studies with chlorendic acid on rats and mice, it is concluded that chlorendic acid induces tumors in rats and mice and is, therefore, considered to have a carcinogenic potential. However, a full hazard assessment for humans and the environment cannot be made in view of the lack of data.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In short term flask studies, 500 mg/L (ph 3.5) completely inhibited algal growth and microfaunal activity; 250 mg/L (ph 4.1) inhibited microfaunal activity and reduced abundance of all but 1 algal species; and 125 mg/L (ph 6.6) had no effects. In longer term microcosm studies 500 and 250 mg/L decreased oxygen production and respiration, and altered chlorophyll concentration and bacterial populations.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ ...The effect of chlorendic acid on soil microorganisms /was studied/. A silty clay soil was treated with 0, 1 or 10 mg/kg chlorendic acid in Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated at 30 °C for 28 days. A significant increase in the number of soil fungi was reported for the 10-mg/kg group, but no effects on soil fungi were reported at 1 mg/kg. A non-significant increase in the number of bacteria was reported for both treated soils.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=115-28-6]

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The Koc of chlorendic acid is estimated as 49(SRC), using a water solubility of 3500 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chlorendic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of chlorendic acid is 3.1(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Chlorendic acid's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, in fiberglass reinforced resins for process equipment in chemical industries, to impart flame resistance to polyurethane foams, in the manufacture of alkyd resins for special paints and inks, and in flame-retardant treatment of wool fabrics(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: Chlorendic acid, present at 100 mg/l, was not biodegraded in the Japanese MITI test over a 14-day period using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l(1). Chlorendic acid, initially added at 10 ppm, was biodegraded in 3 days by 7 and 14% in river and sea water, respectively, using the cultivation method(2). Based on these data as well as an assessment that this compound is probably resistant to microbial degradation based on its highly chlorinated and bridged structure(3), chlorendic acid is not expected to biodegrade rapidly in the environment(SRC).

Chlorendic acid

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 48: (1990) Some Flame Retardants and Textile Chemicals, and Exposures in the Textile Manufacturing Industry

1990

1989

Chlorendic Acid

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chlorendic acid is included on this list.

Used as a fire-retardant monomer in unsaturated polyester resins, wool fabrics, coatings, epoxy resins, and polyurethane foams; Also used as an extreme pressure lubricant, chemical intermediate, and for special applications in electronic systems, paneling, engineering plastics, paints, and anti-corrosion tanks, pipes, and other equipment; [HSDB]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

Flame retardant

FIRE-RETARDANT MONOMER IN UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS; FIRE RETARDANT MONOMER IN COATINGS, IN EPOXY RESINS, IN POLYURETHANE FOAMS; EXTREME PRESSURE LUBRICANT; CHEM INT FOR DIBUTYL & DIMETHYLCHLORENDATE (PLASTICIZERS)

Chlorendic acid used primarily as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, and with special applications in electronic systems, paneling, engineering plastics and paints. A major use is in fiberglass reinforced resins for process equipment in chemical industries. Chlorendic acid is also used to impart flame resistance to polyurethane foams when reacted nonhalogenated glycols to form halogenated polyols and can be used in the manufacture of alkyd resins for special paints and inks.

In Europe, 80% of the chlorendic acid produced is used in composites for flame retardant building and transport materials. The remainder issued in composites for the manufacture of anti-corrosion equipment, such as tanks, piping and scrubbers. In the USA, Latin American and Far East, the usage pattern is reversed; 70-80% is used for anti-corrosion equipment and 20-30% for flame retardant applications.

2023: 49,851 lb

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

Commercial grade 99.5% ...Common impurities are as follows: unreacted maleic anhydride, </=0.25%; Fe, </=1 ppm; hexachlorocyclopentadiene, </=50 ppm; moisture, </=1%; other volatiles, </=0.25%

Trade name: HET acid

Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-: ACTIVE