Benzin, natürliches

BeschreibungGasoline is a product of petroleum refining that varies in composition and often includes additives such as antiknock agents, antioxidants, lubricants, and detergents. Tetraethyl lead was one of these additives, and use of leaded gasoline as fuel was responsible for much of the human body burden of this metal for a number of years. However, the phase out of lead from gasoline during the past three decades (in the United States and Europe) has led to an over 90% reduction in human blood lead levels. More recently, other additives such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and methyl t-butyl ether have been foci of concern because of possible adverse environmental impacts of these compounds.

VerwendenThe distillation ranges of gasoline are specified for the particular application, mainly the reciprocating, spark ignition, and internal combustion engines. To serve specific purposes, various functional additives are blended into gasolines. These consist of antiknock fluids, antioxidants, metal deactivators, corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing agents, preignition preventors, upper cylinder lubricants, dyes, and decolorizers (161). Probably the most critical property is the octane number, supplied with high octane hydrocarbons and lead compounds. The major components are primarily paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics, and more recently 10–40% ethyl alcohol. The distillation from initial to final boiling point ranges from about 32 to 225℃(90 to 437°F), and the explosive limits are 1.31–6.0%.