Isophthalaldehyde

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isophthalaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isophthalaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Isohthalaldehyde is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isophthalaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Isophthalaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.43(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2018).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isophthalaldehyde, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 7.8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isophthalaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Based on structural analogy with o-phthalaldehyde, which has an absorption peak at 297 nm(3), isophthalaldehyde may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of isophthalaldehyde can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isophthalaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 4 was calculated in fish for isophthalaldehyde(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.43(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for isophthalaldehyde is estimated as 3.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isophthalaldehyde is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Isophthalaldehyde is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.8X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isophthalaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Isohthalaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Based on structural analogy with o-phthalaldehyde, which has an absorption peak at 297 nm(3), isophthalaldehyde may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to isophthalaldehyde may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isophthalaldehyde is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population is not likely to be exposed to isophthalaldehyde. (SRC)

Isophthalaldehyde's production and use as a laboratory chemical may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 7.8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isophthalaldehyde will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isophthalaldehyde will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours. Based on structural analogy with o-phthalaldehyde, which has an absorption peak at 297 nm, isophthalaldehyde may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, isophthalaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, isophthalaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 4 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to isophthalaldehyde may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isophthalaldehyde is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population is not likely to be exposed to isophthalaldehyde. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/