Propionyl chloride

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Dry powder

To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, do not use water.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Reacts violently with water. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Do not flush with water.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. Full contact

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

When spilled in water

When spilled in water

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, leaching in soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1). This decomposition reaction will be the dominant fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propionyl chloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Propionyl chloride hydrolyzes in moist air(3) yielding propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(4).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Propionyl chloride is used in chemical synthesis. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: It was corrosive in an eye irritation test in rabbits. In dermal irritation test in rabbits severe necrosis was observed after 1, 5 and 15 min of exposure. Propionyl chloride was negative in mutagenicity test in S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvr A with and without metabolic activation.

Propionyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) for the introduction of the propionyl group(e.g., in the production of pharmaceuticals) and for the synthesis of propionate esters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Propionyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals and it serves as an intermediate for dyes, textile auxiliaries and peroxide compounds(3).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, volatilization of propionyl chloride from water or moist soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Eye irritation test in rabbits/ Corrosive.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Animals /rabbits/ were treated for 1, 5, and 15 min using occlusive conditions. An application site of 2.5x2.5 cm was covered with the liquid test substance. After the application time (1, 5 and 15 min) the skin was washed with Lutrol (50%). The animals were observed for 8 days and skin changes were recorded daily. The report describes findings after 24 hours and at the end of the observation period (8 days). After 24 hours and 8 days, (severe) necrosis was observed after 1, 5 and 15 min of exposure and redness was observed at the edges (both animals). The study was not performed for the 20 hours exposure duration, due to the severe effects observed after 1, 5 and 15 minutes exposure.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Negative in S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvr A /with and without metabolic activation/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propionyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of hydrogen chloride gas will be created in 0.09 minutes(2). Propionyl chloride vapors hydrolyze in moist air(3).

Occupational exposure to propionyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionyl chloride is produced or used. Available use data indicate that the general population is not exposed to propionyl chloride. (SRC)

Propionyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate for the introduction of the propionyl group (e.g., in the production of pharmaceuticals) and for the synthesis of propionate esters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propionyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days. Propionyl chloride hydrolyzes in moist air. If released to soil, leaching in soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes because propionyl chloride reacts and decomposes in water. Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released to water, propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid. This decomposition reaction will be the dominant fate process in water. Occupational exposure to propionyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionyl chloride is produced or used. Available use data indicate that the general population is not exposed to propionyl chloride. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/