Chlorpropamide

log Kow= 2.27

1.8

3.21

SLIGHT ODOR

Odorless

Crystals from dil ethanol

WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER

White, crystalline powder

less than 1 mg/mL at 57 °F (NTP, 1992)

2.2 mg/ml in water @ pH 6; practically insol in water @ pH 7.3; sol in alcohol; moderately sol in chloroform; sparingly sol in ether, benzene

In water, 258 mg/l @ 37 °C

1.57e-01 g/L

>41.5 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Hypoglycemic Agents; Sulfonylurea Compounds

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Pharmaceuticals

261 to 264 °F (NTP, 1992)

129.2-129.8

127-129 °C

127 - 129 °C

Chloropropamide is a white crystalline powder with a slight odor. (NTP, 1992)

Solid

5.13

pKa (H20)= 5.13; pKa (Diox-H2O)= 6.10 (mean of two values)

158.5 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

168.62 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

Warning

H312+H332 (40.6%): Harmful in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

P203, P261, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P318, P321, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 69 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this chemical may include hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, hunger, pruritus, urticaria, maculopapular eruptions, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, eosinophilia, hepatic porphyria, jaundice and disulfiram-like reactions.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

A halogenated amide. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

DRUGS THAT MAY INCR RISK OF HYPOGLYCEMIA...INCL OTHER HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS, SULFONAMIDES, PROPRANOLOL, SALICYLATES, PHENYLBUTAZONE, PROBENECID, DICUMAROL, CHLORAMPHENICOL, MAO INHIBITORS, & ALCOHOL. /SULFONYLUREAS/

Allopurinol or its metabolites might compete with chlorpropamide for renal tubular secretion and can result in an increased chlorpropamide effect in an occasional patient.

A disulfiram like reaction, which is characterized primarily by flushing of the face, neck, and arms, may occur with any of the sulfonylureas when alcohol is ingested concurrently ... . /Sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents/

The risk of hypoglycemia may be increased or prolonged when moderate or large amounts of alcohol have been consumed concurrently with sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents use; small amounts of alcohol taken with meals do not usually result in hypoglycemia. /Sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for CHLORPROPAMIDE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=94-20-2]

MAY CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIC REACTIONS...COMA... THIS IS A ... PROBLEM IN ELDERLY PT WITH IMPAIRED HEPATIC OR RENAL FUNCTION... OTHER SIDE EFFECTS... NAUSEA & VOMITING, CHOLESATIC JAUNDICE, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC & HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS... /SULFONYLUREAS/

...WATER RETENTION CAN BE LIFE THREATENING IN PT WITH TENDENCY TO RETAIN WATER...

Coma or altered mental status is generally the most important presenting sign in the majority (90%) of patients who have ingested excessive doses of the sulfonylureas ... /Sulfonylurea/

Chlorpropamide

TR-045: Bioassay of Chlorpropamide for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 94-20-2) (1978 )

11/28/77

No Evidence

No Evidence

No Evidence

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Chlorpropamide

vLess-DILI-concern

2

Adverse reactions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

HAS PRODUCED CORNEAL OPACITIES IN RATS...

TERATOGENESIS IN ANIMALS HAS BEEN OBSERVED TO FOLLOW ADMIN OF LARGE DOSES.

10% to 15% of patients who receive these drugs, particularly chlorpropamide, develop an alcohol induced flush ... may also cause hyponatremia ...

WHEN FED TO FISCHER 344 RATS (3000 OR 6000 PPM FOR 103-105 WK) & B6C3F1 MICE (3317 & 6635 PPM), CHLORPROPAMIDE WAS NON-CARCINOGENIC.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORPROPAMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A bioassay of chlorpropamide for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test material in feed to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 35 rats and 35 mice of each sex were administered chlorpropamide as follows: rats 5 days/wk for 103 to 105 wk at 3,000 or 6,000 ppm, and mice 5 days wk for 34 wk at 5,000 or 10,000 ppm, followed by 70 wk at 2,500 or 5,000 ppm. The time weighted average doses for mice were 3,317 ppm for low dose males and females, and 6,635 ppm for high dose males and females. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 untreated rats and 15 untreated mice of each sex. All surviving rats and mice were /sacrificed/ at 103 to 105 wk. Mean body weights of both low and high dose rats were lower than those of matched controls throughout the study. In mice, doses were reduced at week 34, due to early deaths in the high dose groups; following this adjustment the treated mice gained weight, but the weights never reached those of controls. Survival of treated rats and the low dose mice was adequate for meaningful statistical analyses of the incidences of tumors. In both rats and mice, the incidences of tumors among the treated groups were not significantly incr in comparison with matched controls. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, chlorpropamide was not carcinogenic in Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice.

LD50 RATS ORAL 2390 MG/KG

LD50 RATS INTRAVENOUS 590 MG/KG

LD50 DOGS INTRAVENOUS 575 MG/KG

LD50 DOGS ORAL 800 MG/KG

LD50 MICE ORAL 1680 MG/KG

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

Chlorpropamide, a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, is used with diet to lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Chlorpropamide is twice as potent as the related second-generation agent glipizide.

Sulfonylureas such as chlorpropamide bind to ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion, or exocytosis, of insulin.

...ACTION OF SULFONYLUREAS APPEARS TO BE STIMULATION OF RELEASE OF INSULIN FROM BETA CELLS. ...TO BE EFFECTIVE, PT MUST HAVE SOME FUNCTIONAL ISLET CELLS... /HYPOGLYCEMIC SULFONYLUREAS/

Sulfonylureas cause hypoglycemia by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Their effects in the treatment of diabetes ... are more complex. /Sulfonylureas/

Sulfonylureas are now...thought to act by a number of different mechanisms. 1. ...produce a depolarization of the pancreatic islet beta cell membrane potassium ion permeability. This results in a release of preformed insulin into the circulation and occurs mostly in non-insulin dependent diabetics. 2. ...reduce basal glucose output from the liver... 3. increase insulin receptor binding... 4. ...increasing intracellular levels of AMP... 5. increase insulin secretion by suppressing the release of glucagon and somatostatin from alpha and delta pancreatic cells. /Sulfonylureas/

Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose in NIDDM by directly stimulating the acute release of insulin from functioning beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue by an unknown process that involves a sulfonylurea receptor on the beta cell. Sulfonylureas inhibit the ATP potassium channels on the beta cell membrane and potassium efflux, which results in depolarization and calcium influx, calcium-calmodulin binding, kinase activation, and release of insulin containing granules by exocytosis, an effect similar to that of glucose. Insulin is a hormone that lowers blood glucose and controls the storage and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Therefore, sulfonylureas are effective only in patients whose pancreata are capable of producing insulin. /Sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents/

Approximately 36 hours with interindividual variation ranging from 25-60 hours. Duration of effect persists for at least 24 hours.

Chlorpropamid has a long half-life (24 to 48 hours).

Half-life...24-48 /hours/ /from table/

Up to 80% of dose is metabolized likely through the liver to to 2-hydroxylchlorpropamide (2-OH CPA), p-chlorobenzenesulfonylurea (CBSU), 3-hydroxylchlorpropamide (3-OH CPA), and p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (CBSA); CBSA may be produced by decomposition in urine. It is unknown whether chlorpropamide metabolites exert hypoglycemic effects.

...METABOLISM OF CHLORPROPAMIDE IS INCOMPLETE, AND ABOUT 20% OF THE DRUG IS EXCRETED UNCHANGED

...SOME HYDROLYTIC BREAKDOWN OF ACTUAL UREA MOIETY HAS BEEN DETECTED, RESULTING IN FORMATION OF SULFONAMIDE DERIV... RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THIS...TO BE ARTIFACTUAL & NOT A GENUINE METABOLITE...

FOLLOWING PER ORAL ADMIN TO MAN OF TRITIATED CHLORPROPAMIDE...80% OF DOSE WAS EXCRETED...DURING 7-DAY PERIOD. METABOLITES...WERE P-CHLOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE...[(P-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFONYL]UREA... 1-[(P-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFONYL]-3-(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)UREA. ..&.1-[(P-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFONYL]-3-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)UREA...

...DIABETIC PT WERE ADMIN.../CHLORPROPAMIDE/... AT...250-500 MG...PRODUCTS EXCRETED...INCL.../(P-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFONYLUREA/ (21%)... /P-CHLOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE/ (2%), 2-HYDROXYCHLORPROPAMIDE (55%), & 3-HYDROXYCHLORPROPAMIDE (2%).

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for CHLORPROPAMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

WTM2C3IL2X

CHLORPROPAMIDE

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Sulfonylurea

Chemical Structure [CS] - Sulfonylurea Compounds

Chlorpropamide is a Sulfonylurea.

Readily absorbed from the GI tract. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 2-4 hours and the onset of action occurs within one hour. The maximal effect of chlorpropamide is seen 3-6 hours following oral administration.

80-90% of a single oral dose is excreted in the urine as unchaged drug and metabolites within 96 hours.

...EFFECTIVELY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT ...

Excreted (percentage)...60 /from table/

... 20% excreted unchanged; ... /from table/

Chlorpropamide is readily absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration. Following oral administration of a single dose, the drug is detectable in plasma within 1 hour and peak plasma chlorpropamide concentrations occur within 2-4 hours.

Antidiabetic

MEDICATION

MEDICATION (VET)