Grundinformationen
- CAS
9032-08-0- Standard-SMILES
[Cd+2]- InChIKey
WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Summenformel
- Cd+2
- Durchschnittliche Molmasse
- 112,41 g/mol
Überblick
Cadmium(2+) is a monoatomic dication, a divalent metal cation and a cadmium cation. It has a role as a cofactor.
Namen und Bezeichner
- Bevorzugter Name
- Cadmium cation
- IUPAC
- cadmium(2+)
- Lokaler Name
- Amylase, Gluco-
- Englischer Name
- AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE
- Summenformel
- Cd+2
- Molmasse
- 112.411
Namen und Synonyme
Cadmium ionCadmium(2+)Cadmium cationCadmium(2+) ionCadmium, ion (Cd2+)T494FZ4G8G22537-48-0CHEBI:48775DTXSID60177060RefChem:1080612DTXCID7099551CHEBI:63063
Weitere Namen anzeigen
GLUCOAMYLASEglucoamylase enzymeGlucamylaseGLYCOAMYLASEus nigGlycaseAMG 300LEC 3.2.1.3Acid MaltaseGluczyme AF6
GlucozymeCd(2+)Cadmium ionsCadmium(2+)ionsCadmium, ion(Cd2+)UNII-T494FZ4G8GCadmium elementalcadmium(II)
Datenbank-Bezeichner
- CAS
9032-08-0- ChEBI
CHEBI:48775- UNII
- T494FZ4G8G
- Nikkaji
- J3.791.046E
Eigenschaften
Berechnete Struktureigenschaften
- Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)
- 0 Ų
- H-Brücken-Donoren
- 0
- H-Brücken-Akzeptoren
- 0
- Frei drehbare Bindungen
- 0
- Schwere Atome
- 1
- Formalladung
- 2
- Komplexität
- 0
Experimentelle und physikochemische Eigenschaften
Melting Point321 °C
Physical DescriptionSolid
Physikochemische Eigenschaften
- Dichte
- 1.2 g/mL · ~1.2 g/mL at 25 °C
- Dampfdruck
- 0.003 Pa · 0.003Pa at 25℃
- storage temp.
- 2 · 2-8°C
- Löslichkeit
- 0.03 M · 0.03 M sodium citrate-phosphate buffer, pH 4.5: soluble5.0mg/mL
- Aggregatzustand
- solution
- Farbe
- white
- PH
- 3.6 · 3.6-4.2
- Biologische Quelle
- fungus (Rhizopus spp.)
- Wasserlöslichkeit
- 125 g/L · 125g/L at 25℃
- Specific Activity
- 6 U/mg · 6U/mg (approximately 6 U/mg lyophilizate at +25°C with glycogen as the substrate)~6units/mg protein ( at 25 °C with glycogen as the substrate.)
- Major Application
- food and beveragesgeneral analytical
Sicherheit und Regulatorisches
Sicherheitsangaben dienen nur zur Orientierung und ersetzen weder das Sicherheitsdatenblatt (SDB) des Lieferanten noch geltende Vorschriften oder eine fachliche Bewertung.
Sicherheit und Schutzausrüstung
Minimum Risk LevelAcute Inhalation: 0.00003 mg/m3 (L134)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00001 mg/m3 (L134)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (L134)
Toxikologische Informationen
TreatmentCadmium poisoning is treated by removal from exposure and supportive care. If ingested, induced vomiting or gastric lavage may be performed. (L139)
Health EffectsChronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. (L6)
Exposure RoutesOral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)
Toxicity Summary
Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high molecular weight proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)
Signs and SymptomsAcute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6)
Chemie und Industrie
Pharmakologische Informationen
Metabolism/Metabolites
Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (L6)
Verwendung und Herstellung
Uses
Cadmium is used mainly in the electroplating of other metals and the production of metal alloys. It can be found in batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics. Exposure usually occurs in an industrial setting, but can also result from breathing cigarette smoke and eating contaminated foods. (L6)
Anwendungen
VerwendenAmyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger can be used for the hydrolyzation of terminal α1,4- and α1,6-glucosidic bonds (glucose-glucose bonds) in polysaccharides (e.g., starch, dextrins, glycogen), removing glucose units sequentially from the non-reducing end of the molecule. The enzyme will also cleave maltose and maltosides (maltotriose, maltotetraose, etc.).
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