Memantine Hydrochloride

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5% (1 of 20) of reports.

Warning

H302 (80%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 20 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Memantine exerts its action through uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonism, binding preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels. Prolonged increased levels of glutamate in the brain of demented patients are sufficient to counter the voltage-dependent block of NMDA receptors by Mg²⁺ ions and allow continuous influx of Ca²⁺ ions into cells, ultimately resulting in neuronal degeneration. Studies suggest that memantine binds more effectively than Mg²⁺ ions at the NMDA receptor, and thereby effectively blocks this prolonged influx of Ca²⁺ ions through the NMDA channel whilst preserving the transient physiological activation of the channels by higher concentrations of synaptically released glutamate. Thus memantine protects against chronically elevated concentrations of glutamate. Memantine also has antagonistic activity at the type 3 serotonergic (5-HT₃) receptor with a potency that is similar to that at the NMDA receptor, and lower antagonistic activity at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This drug has no affinity for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), benzodiazepine, dopamine, adrenergic, histamine, or glycine receptors or for voltage-dependent calcium, sodium, or potassium channels.

Side effects include pain, abnormal crying, leg pain, fever, increased apetite. Adverse drug reactions include: dizziness, confusion, headache, hallucinations, tiredness. Less common side effects include: vomiting, anxiety, hypertonia, cystitis, and increased libido. Doses of up to 400 mg have been tolerated.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Memantine hydrochloride

vLess-DILI-concern

7

Adverse reactions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

Excreted largely unchanged. About 20% is metabolized to 1-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-adamantane and 3-amino-1-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-adamantane. Route of Elimination: Memantine undergoes partial hepatic metabolism. About 48% of administered drug is excreted unchanged in urine; the remainder is converted primarily to three polar metabolites which possess minimal NMDA receptor antagonistic activity: the N-glucuronide conjugate, 6-hydroxy memantine, and 1-nitroso-deaminated memantine. It is excreted predominantly in the urine, unchanged. Half Life: 60-100 hours

MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE

NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA]; N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC]

MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE ORAL

NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA]; N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC]

MEMANTINE HCL

NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA]; N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC]

Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.

Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.