| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (1 of 43) of reports.DangerH301 (97.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 43 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
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| Brandgefahren | Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992) |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure, effects may vary from mild irritation to severe destruction of tissue. Prolonged contact can cause eye damage. It can also cause irritation of the nose and throat. Exposure to this type of compound may cause profuse sweating, intense thirst, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, hemolysis, convulsions, collapse, coma and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, jaundice and oliguria or anuria may occur. Other symptoms of exposure to this type of compound may include headache, dizziness, rapid and difficult breathing, weakness, severe burns and internal damage. Chronic exposure may result in digestive disturbances, nervous disorders, skin eruptions and liver and kidney damage. Skin contact with this type of compound may result in softening and whitening of the skin, followed by the development of painful burns. Prolonged contact may lead to dermatitis. Local contact may also result in painless blanching or erythema and corrosion of the skin. Skin sensitivity reactions occur occasionally. |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | A nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritant[HSDB] Prolonged contact corrosive to eyesMay cause skin burns, hyperthermia, methemoglobinemia, liver and kidney damage, and convulsions[CAMEO] A strong irritant[MSDSonline] See CHLOROPHENOLS. |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Phenols and Cresols |
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| RCRA-Anforderungen | F027Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5). |
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| Reactivity Profile | 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL is incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and oxidizing agents (NTP, 1992). |
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| Luftstandards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/ |
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| DOT Emergency Guidelines | /GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXICinhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquidChlorophenols, solid//GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLYit is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquidFor more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Air and Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
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| EPA Hazardous Waste Number | F027A hazardous waste from nonspecific sources when a component of a discarded unused formulation. /Tetrachlorophenol/ |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 3 (97.7%) |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992) |
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| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Tetrachlorophenol/ |
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| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Pentachlorophenol/Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Any possibility of skin contact. /Pentachlorophenol/Wear eye protection to prevent: Any possibility of eye contact. /Pentachlorophenol/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (Rat) (L159)
Intermediate Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (Rat) (L159) |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.The following equipment should be available /in work area/: eyewash, quick drench. /Pentachlorophenol/If any possibility of eye contact, eye protective equipment should be worn. /Pentachlorophenol/Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 5 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filtermay require eye protection. Any supplied-air respiratormay require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatusmay require eye protection. /Pentachlorophenol/Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 12.5 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow modemay require eye protection. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filterFor more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Körperbelastung | 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol has been detected in unreported quantities in adipose tissue and/or milk of non-occupationally exposed humans(1). |
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| Treatment | In case of oral exposure, dilution may enhance absorption of phenol and should be avoided, but charcoal may be administered. If methemoglobinemia occurs, administer 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue slowly IV in symptomatic patients. Additional doses may be required. If hypotension occurs, infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine or norepinephrine. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress, and if cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes following eye exposure. Following dermal exposure, remove phenol with undiluted polyethylene glycol 300 to 400 or isopropyl alcohol prior to washing, if readily available. Wash exposed areas twice or for at least 10 minutes with large quantities of soapy water. Water alone may be harmful. (T36) |
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| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Dermal exposure can cause corrosive skin damage. (L159) |
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| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 410 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 380 - 440 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.7 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.1 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 41.3 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.29. Effect: loss of equilibriumLC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 0.77 ppm/24 hr at pH 7.3. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 13200, 13900, and 12500 for a lake sediment (foc=0.094), river sediment (foc=0.026), and aquifer material (foc=0.0084), respectively(2) indicate that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). A pKa of 6.35 indicates that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol exists mainly as the phenolate anion in neutral and alkaline environments(3). Volatilization of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Based on limited data, biodegradation of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol may occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 31% and 0% biodegradation of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol was reported in an aerobic clay loam soil after 160 days and in an anaerobic clay loam soil after 80 days, respectively(6). However, another study using anaerobic estuarine sediment reported a half-life of 6.5 days with the formation of 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (27%) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (22%) as major intermediates(7). BCF values of 38 to 41 and 213 to 351 were measured in two species of earthworms, E. fetida andrei and L. rubellus, respectively(8).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 13200, 13900, and 12500 for a lake sediment (foc=0.094), river sediment (foc=0.026), and aquifer material (foc=0.0084), respectively(2) indicate that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). In a field aqueous adsorption study, the ratio of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol concn in sediment to water was measured as 680 and in suspended matter to water was 240(3). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 930(5,SRC), from a log Kow value (7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Photolysis at water surfaces may be an important fate processa photochemical half-life of 0.88 hours was measured for 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol in a 99% ethanol/1% sodium phosphate solution (pH=7) using filtered light at 295 to 500 nm to simulate sunlight(8). Based on limited data, biodegradation of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol may occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In a river die-away study, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol had a biodegradation rate constant of 1.4X10-7 M/hra lag phase of 17 days was reported(9). A study using anaerobic estuarine sediment reported a half-life of 6.5 days with the formation of 3,4,5-trichlorophenol(27%) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol(22%) as major intermediates(10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 days(3,SRC). Particulate-phase 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
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| Expositionspfade | Inhalation (L159)oral (L159)dermal (L159)eye contact (L159) |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | Tetrachlorophenols decrease or block ATP production without blocking the electron transport chain. Thus the poisons uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation. Free energy from the electron transport chain then converts to more body heat. As body temp rises, heat-dissipating mechanisms are overcome and metabolism is speeded. More ADP and other substrates accumulate, and these substrates stimulate the electron transport chain further. The electron transport chain responds by using up more and more available oxygen (increasing oxygen demand) in an effort to produce ATP, but much of the free energy generated is liberated as still more body heat. Oxygen demand quickly overcomes oxygen supply, and energy reserves become depleted. (A541) |
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| Animal Concentrations | Leeches exposed to water in Thunder Bay Harbor, Lake Superior, Canada for 3 weeks bioaccumulated 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 63 to 427 ng/g near wastewater discharge points from a pulp millat sites located at a greater distance from the discharge area no bioaccumulation in leeches was seen(1). |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Dust has been found irritating to the nose and throat. Skin or eye contact can cause irritation of the exposed surface. Clinical signs preceding death for all tetrachlorophenol isomers included initial hyperactivity followed by hypoactivity, neuromuscular weakness, and convulsions. Headache can also result from exposure to 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol. (L159) |
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| Effluent Concentrations | 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in soils collected from three different saw mills in Finland at up to 1 mg/kg fresh soil, possibly as a degradation product from pentachlorophenol(1). Soil collected at an abandoned sawmill site near a wood-preserving facility contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 2500 ug/kg dry soil(4). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was measured in the raw gas, upstream from the electrostatic precipitator, from a hazardous waste incinerator at 6.5 to 50 ng/cu m(2). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was reported in the emissions from a metal reclamation plant in Finland(3). Emissions during aluminum smelting (1.2 ug/normalized cu m), car shredding (0.4 ug/normalized cu m), turnings drying (3.7 ug/normalized cu m), sink and float separation (0.0 ug/normalized cu m), and ring crushing (0.1 ug/normalized cu m) were monitored(3). 1 of 40 potable water treatment plants monitored in Canada during October-December 1984 contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at maximum and mean concns of 13 and 0.3 ng/l, respectively, in raw water samplesduring February-March 1985, raw water at 1 of 40 plants contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at maximum and mean concns of 12 and 0.2 ng/l, respectively(5). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was not detected at any time in the treated water(5). Twelve sewage sludges from rural, urban and industrial sewage treatment works in NW England contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 0.04 to 1.36 ug/l with a mean of 0.50 ug/l, wet weight concns(6). |
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| Medical Surveillance | Exposure to chlorophenols may be monitored from their urinary concentrations. Because of efficient skin absorption, biologic monitoring is probably superior to measurement of air concentrations. The proportions of different chlorophenols vary in different chlorophenol preparations and even in different lots of the same preparation. It is therefore best to analyze both tri-, tetra-, and pentachlorophenols. /Chlorophenols/ |
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| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
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| UN-Transportnummer | 2020 |
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| Gefahrenklasse | 6.1(b) |
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| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
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