Iridium
IRIDIUM BLACK · IRIDIUM POWDER · Iridium C · IRIDIUM ON ALUMINA · IRIDIUM ICP STANDARD · Iridium powder, -22 mesh, Premion(R), 99.99% (metals basis) · IRIDIUM · IR000210
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 22542-08-1 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | Ir |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 192,22 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 192,9629264 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Ir] |
| InChIKey | GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 23924 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:49666 |
| EC No. | 231-095-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0064674 |
| Lokaler Name | Iridium |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
|---|---|
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 0 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 1 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 0 |
| Stoffklassen | Metals -> Elements, Metallic |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | electron density of states |
| Dichte | 22.42 at 17 °C21.56 @25 °C22.65 g/cm3 (lit.) |
| Color/Form | Silver-white, face-centered cubic lattice |
| Corrosivity | Not attacked by any acid or by aqua regia. |
| Siedepunkt | 4,428 °C4428 °C @760 [mm Hg]4130 °C (lit.) |
| Schmelzpunkt | 2,446 °C2450 °C (lit.) |
| Dampfdruck | 0.467 Pa at melting point |
| Physical Description | Silver-white metal[Hawley] |
| Other Experimental Properties | Powdered iridium metal can ignite in air.Enthalpy of fusion 41.12 kJ/molSpecific heat 0.0307 cal/g/deg CMohs' hardness 6.5Best solvent: concentrated hydrochloric acid and sodium perchlorate at 125 to 150 °CFor more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for IRIDIUM, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Flammables area |
| Löslichkeit | Soluble in aqua regia.INSOLUBLE |
| Aggregatzustand | wire |
| Farbe | White to pale yellow |
| Wichte | 22.421 |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(crystal): 0.13 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 0.11 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,5102 |
| InChI | 1S/Ir |
| InChIKey | GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Ir] |
| Hardness, Brinell | 352, Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test. |
| Hardness, Rockwell A | 69, Converted from Vickers. |
| Hardness, Rockwell C | 37, Converted from Vickers. |
| Hardness, Vickers | 370 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 524 GPa |
| Poissons Ratio | 0.26 |
| Shear Modulus | 208 GPa, Calculated |
| CAS Datenbank | 7439-88-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Iridium(7439-88-5) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Iridium (7439-88-5) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 36.9% (92 of 249) of reports.DangerH228 (18.1%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]P210, P240, P241, P264+P265, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 249 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: IridiumStatus: Active Update: 17-03-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17763Iridium, powder: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Iridium: Human health tier I assessment |
| Brandpotenzial | The finely divided catalytic metal may be pyrophoric. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Iridium salts can cause immunologic, occupational contact urticaria[Kanerva, p. 219] The metals in this group [platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, and ruthenium] generally are nontoxic in the metallic state, but the soluble halide salts (particularly of Pt) and osmium tetroxide are highly reactive. Exposure to these elements results in hypersensitivity allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. [Sullivan, p. 911] See Iridium-192. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Flam. Sol. 1 (18.1%) |
| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | A catalytic metal. The powdered metal may ignite spontaneously in air. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoridechlorine trifluoride). |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations |
| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 12 [mg/m3]130 [mg/m3]790 [mg/m3] |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /"To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/ |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 3089 4.1/PG 2 |
| Zollcode | 28439000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 36-36/37/38-11 |
| Gefahrensymbole | F,Xi |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 16-26-36/37/39 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 4.1 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 7439-88-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Occurrence
Iridium is the 83rd most abundant element and is found mixed with platinum, osmium,and nickel ores. The minerals containing iridium are found in Russia, South Africa, Canada,and Alaska.Iridium metal is separated from its other metal ores when the combined minerals aredissolved with a strong acid know as aqua regia, which is a mixture of 25% nitric acid and75% hydrochloric acid. Aqua regia is the only acid that will dissolve platinum and gold.Once the platinum and other metals are dissolved, the iridium, which is insoluble in thisstrong acid, becomes the residue. The refined iridium ends up in the form of either powderor crystals.An interesting story as to how most of the iridium appeared on Earth was explainedrecently by scientists who discovered a thin layer of iridium in the sediments that were laiddown in the Earth’s crust at the end of the Cretaceous period. This was a period about 65 millionyears ago when meteors and asteroids crashed into the Earth. These extraterrestrial bodiescontained a high percentage of iridium. Dust from the impact spread around the Earth andblocked the sun for months, resulting in the extinction of many plants and animals, includingthe dinosaurs. This extensive dust cloud also deposited a thin coat of the element iridium thatwas contained in the fiery bolides.
Verwenden
Iridium’s most common use is as an alloy metal that, when added to platinum, makes itharder and more durable. It is also mixed with other metals to make electrical contacts, thermocouples(two dissimilar metals joined to form a special type of thermometer), and instrumentsthat will withstand high temperatures without breaking down. It is also used to makespecial laboratory vessels because iridium will not react with most chemical substances. Analloy of iridium and platinum is used as the standard kilogram weight because it is noncorrosiveand will not oxidize and, thus, change its weight over long periods of time.The radioisotope, iridium-192, is used to treat cancer and to take X-ray pictures of metalcastings to detect flaws. Iridium is also used as a catalyst for several chemical reactions.