Neon

10Ne · NEON · neongas · neon(0) · neon atom · liquidneon · neonliquid · neonliquide

https://huagongshe.com/de/chemical/23935

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.	7440-01-9
Summenformel	Ne
Durchschnittliche Molmasse	20,18 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse	19,99244018 g/mol
SMILES	[Ne]
InChIKey	GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	23935
ChEBI	CHEBI:33310
EC No.	231-110-9
DTXSID	DTXSID0064678
Lokaler Name	Neon

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)	0
H-Brücken-Donoren	0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren	0
Frei drehbare Bindungen	0
Schwere Atome	1
Formalladung	0
Komplexität	0
Stoffklassen	Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Simple Asphyxiants
SpringerMaterials Properties	thermal expansion coefficient
LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient)	log Kow = 0.28
Geruch	Odorless
Geschmack	Tasteless
Dichte	0.825 g/LGAS: density: 0.899994 kg/cu m at 0 °C (101.3 kPa): 9.552 kg/cu m (normal BP)SOLID: normal density: 1444 kg/cu m (triple point)Heat of vaporization: 2.139 kJ/mol (triple point)Heat of fusion: 0.335 kJ/mol (triple point)1.204 @ BP0.9002(0℃)
Color/Form	Colorless gasMonoatomic, inert ... Does not condense at the temperature of liquid airsolid at the temperature of liquid hydrogenthe solid form exists as face-centered cubic crystals at normal pressure
Löslichkeit	NegligibleSolubility of gas in water (20 °C): 10.5 cu cm/kg waterSolubility in water: very poorslightly soluble in H2O10.5mL/100g H2O (20°C, 101.32kPa) [KIR78]Henry’s law constants, k×104: 13.023 (70.0°C), 12.022 (124.5°C), 9.805 (174.5°C), 7.166 (226.4°C), 4.160 (283.7°C) [POT78]
Siedepunkt	-246.053 °C-246.1 °C-245.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]−246 °C(lit.)
Schmelzpunkt	-248.609 °C triple point (43 kPa)-248.7 °C-248.67 °C-248.67 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte	0.6964 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 0.690.7 (21 °C, vs air)
Physical Description	Neon appears as a colorless odorless noncombustible gas. Chemically inert. The vapors are lighter than air. Nontoxic, but can act as a simple asphyxiant. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire may cause it to rupture violently and rocket. Principal use is to fill lamp bulbs and tubes.Neon, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) appears as a colorless, odorless, extremely cold liquid. Rapidly evolves into neon gas. Nontoxic and chemically inert. May act as an asphyxiate by displacement of oxygen. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite. Exposure of container to prolonged heat or fire may cause violent rupture and rocket.A colorless odorless noncombustible gas[CAMEO]COLOURLESS ODOURLESS COMPRESSED GAS.
Aggregatzustand	colorless gas
Farbe	colorless
Spezifische Wärmekapazität	Cp(gas): 1.03 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck	13,6483
Henry-Konstante	4.5×10-6 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Fernández-Prini et al. (2003)
Dielektrizitätskonstante	1.000127(20.0℃)
Stabilität	Stable. Very unreactive.
InChI	InChI=1S/Ne
InChIKey	GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	[Ne]
EPA chemische Informationen	Neon (7440-01-9)

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

Reactivity Profile
GHS-Einstufung	WarningH280 (62.6%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P282, P336+P317, P403, and P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 430 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Regulatorische Informationen	Chemical: NeonNeon: Non hazardousThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen	IMAP assessments - Neon: Human health tier I assessment
DOT-Kennzeichnung	Non-Flammable Gas
Brandgefahren	Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Non-flammable gases.Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting.
Gesundheitsgefahren	Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
Gefahrenübersicht	Simple asphyxiantEvaporating liquid can cause frostbite[ICSC]
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch	1065 1201913 120
FDA-Anforderungen	Diagnostic Devices. A neon gas analyzer is a device intended to measure the concentration of neon in a gas mixture exhaled by a patient. The device may use techniques such as mass spectrometry or thermal conductivity.
Reaktive Gruppe	Not Chemically Reactive
UN-Einstufung	UN Hazard Class: 2.2

Anwendungen & Verwendung

Beschreibung

In 1898, Dr William Ramsay and Morris M. Travers, a Scottish scientist and a British scientist, respectively, discovered neon as a condensation product in liquefied air, as in a process similar to that used to collect neon today. Neon’s use in lighting evolved from discoveries that gases under low pressure conduct electricity. When some flowing electrons collide with residual gas in an evacuated glass tube, the resulting ions emit light as they return to their nonexcited state. The color of the light depends on the residual gas; neon gas produces a red color and argon, another inert gas often used in tubes (which are frequently and incorrectly called neon lights), produces a blue color. These two basic colors are often modified into many different hues by the addition of such elements as mercury and cadmium. The neon found on the Earth is considered to be primordial in origin. Most of the neon is sequestered in the Earth’s rocks or dissolved in water, with small amounts escaping into the atmosphere during geologic weathering. The escaped gas is slowly lost into space faster than it is replenished. Consequently, neon constitutes only a small part (0.0018%) of the Earth’s atmosphere, although this element is estimated to be the fourth most abundant in the universe.

Occurrence

Neon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, but it makes up only 18.18ppm of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is the 82nd most abundant element on Earth. Neon is believed to be produced by radioactive decay deep in the Earth. As it rises to thesurface, it escapes into the atmosphere and is soon dissipated. Some neon is found mixed withnatural gas and several minerals. Neon is produced as a secondary product of the fractional distillation of liquid nitrogenand oxygen. Air is liquefied, and as it warms, nitrogen and oxygen boil off, leaving behindseveral other colder gases, including about 75% neon, which is then passed through activatedcharcoal to remove hydrogen and other gases.

History

Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation. Natural neon is a mixture of three isotopes. Fourteen other unstable isotopes are known. It is very inert element; however, it is said to form a compound with fluorine. It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence. The following ions are known from optical and mass spectrometric studies: Ne+, (NeAr)+, (NeH)+, and (HeNe+). Neon also forms an unstable hydrate. In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange. Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents. Neon is used in making the common neon advertising signs, which accounts for its largest use. It is also used to make high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important application as an economical cryogenic refrigerant. It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements. Neon costs about $800/80 cu. ft. (2265 l).