| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 17.5% (11 of 63) of reports.DangerH228 (15.9%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]P210, P231+P232, P240, P241, P280, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 63 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Status: Active Update: 12-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22657 |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | In contact with water, gadolinium powder releases flammable hydrogen[MSDSonline] Used in MRI contrast agents, gadolinium has been linked to Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis or Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy (NSF/NFD). The 25 cases of NSF/NFD were reported on May 29, 2006, by the Danish Medicines Agency. Among these, 20 cases occurred in Denmark and five cases occurred in Austria. The patients developed NSF/SFD within 3 months (range 2 weeks to 3 months) after receiving the gadolinium-containing contrast agent. [Reference #1] See RARE EARTH METALS and linked occupational diseases. |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Flam. Sol. 1 (15.9%) |
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| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | The rare earth metals ignite in air at 302 to 356 °F, but lanthanum ignites at 824 to 860 °F. With oxide impurities present, however, the rare earth metals are pyrophoric on cutting and filing.Rare earth metals burn vigorously in halogen vapors above 392 °F. |
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| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 30 [mg/m3]330 [mg/m3]2000 [mg/m3] |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting. |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Gadolinium is a silvery rare-earth metal. It is used as nuclear control rod material to capture thermal neutrons, to make gadolinium yttrium garnets, and to improve the workability and resistance of iron, chromium, and related alloys to high temperature and oxidation. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: No information has been found. ANIMAL STUDIES: No information has been found. |
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| Natural Pollution Sources | The concentration of gadolinium in the earth's crust is 6.2 ppm(1). As a member of the lanthanide series ranging from atomic number 57 to 71, gadolinium does not occur in nature in the elemental state and the lanthanides always occur under their oxidized form in salts and minerals(1). Gadolinium-containing minerals include samarskite, gadolinite, xenotime, as well as other rare earth minerals(2). As gadolinium is found in nature, gadolinium compounds will be released to water and soils as a result of weathering of rocks and soil erosion(SRC). |
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| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | /SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B//SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B//SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/ |
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| RAIS Toxicity Values | 0.04PPRTV Current |
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| EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values | GadoliniumPDF DocumentInadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential2018 |
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| Alarmwort | Achtung |
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| Gefahrenhinweise | Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code H228 |
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