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Perchloric Acid
HCLO4 · PERCHLORIC ACID 70% · Perchloric acid, ca. 70% Solution in Water · Perchloric acid, Puriss. p.a., ACS Reagent, 70% (Hg ?0.0000005%), packed in coated, shock- and leak-protected glass bottle · 70-72% · GR，70-72% · Perchlorsure · PERCHLORIC ACID
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 7601-90-3 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | ClHO4 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 100,46 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 99,95633619 g/mol |
| SMILES | [O-][Cl+3]([O-])([O-])O |
| InChIKey | VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 24247 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:29221 |
| EC No. | 231-512-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8047004 |
| Lokaler Name | Perchlorsure |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2,3 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 71,4 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 1 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 4 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 5 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 114 |
| Stoffklassen | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> OxidizersReactive agents - 3rd degree |
| Geruch | odorless |
| Dichte | 1.6 to 1.7 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999)1.768 @ 22 °CVERY HYGROSCOPICCOMBINES VIGOROUSLY WITH WATER WITH EVOLUTION OF HEATAQ ACID IS VERY CAUSTICDECOMP WHEN DISTILLED @ ATMOSPHERIC PRESSUREDENSITY OF AQ SOLN @ 25 °C: 65.0%= 1.59770.0%= 1.66475.0%= 1.731DENSITY OF AQ SOLN @ 15 °C: 1%= 1.005010%= 1.059720%= 1.127930%= 1.206740%= 1.299150%= 1.410360%= 1.538970%= 1.6736Relative density (water = 1): 1.76 (22 °C)1.77 @25 °C1.664 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Color/Form | COLORLESS, OILY LIQUID |
| Löslichkeit | MISCIBLE IN COLD WATERSolubility in water: miscibleWater (Sparingly)Miscible with water. |
| Siedepunkt | 19 °C @ 11 MM HG203 °C |
| Decomposition | 19 °C |
| Schmelzpunkt | -170 °F (USCG, 1999)-112 °C-18 °C |
| Dampfdichte | Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5~2.1 (vs air) |
| Dampfdruck | 6.8 [mmHg]6.8 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Physical Description | Perchloric acid, with more than 50% but not more than 72% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.Perchloric acid, with not more than 50% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.Colorless, odorless oily liquid[HSDB] Highly hygroscopic[Merck Index]COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | VOLATILEON STORAGE EVEN IN DARK, ANHYDROUS ACID BECOMES DISCOLORED OWING TO DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS & MAY EXPLODE SPONTANEOUSLYUNSTABLE IN CONCENTRATED FORMfuming |
| Brechungsindex | 1.419 |
| Flammpunkt | 104 °F |
| Lagerbedingungen | Flammables area |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | -7[at 20 ℃] |
| Aggregatzustand | Solution |
| Farbe | APHA: ≤10 |
| Wichte | approximate 1.54 |
| Geruch | Odorless |
| pH | 0.1 (H2O, 20°C) |
| Merck | 14,7153 |
| Henry-Konstante | 9.9×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Jaeglé et al. (1996) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Avoid heat. May form explosive peroxides. Incompatible with a wide variety of substances, including organic materials, alcohols, amines, strong acids, strong bases, acid anhydrides, finely powdered metals, strong reducing agents. Contact with wood, paper and other celullose products may lead to explosion, as may contact with a vari |
| InChI | 1S/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5) |
| InChIKey | VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | OCl(=O)(=O)=O |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | -4.62 |
| CAS Datenbank | 7601-90-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Perchloric acid(7601-90-3) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Perchloric acid (7601-90-3) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH271: May cause fire or explosionstrong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P210, P220, P260, P264, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H271 (100%): May cause fire or explosionP210, P220, P234, P260, P264, P270, P280, P283, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P390, P405, P406, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Perchloric acidStatus: Active Update: 30-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/8872Perchloric acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Perchloric acid: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Oxidizer CorrosiveCorrosive Oxidizer |
| Brandgefahren | Behavior in Fire: Above 160 °C (320 °F) will react with combustible material and increase intensity of fire. Containers may explode. (USCG, 1999)Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:· May explode from friction, heat or contamination.· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metals, reducing agents or organic materials. |
| Brandpotenzial | AQ ACID...MAY DEFLAGRATE IN CONTACT WITH OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES. /AQUEOUS SOLN/WILL INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF A FIRE. MAY CAUSE FIRE ON CONTACT WITH COMBUSTIBLES. /AQUEOUS SOLN/ANHYDROUS ACID IGNITES IN CONTACT WITH SODIUM IODIDE OR HYDRIODIC ACID. ...MIXTURES OF 2-METHYLPROPENE & PERCHLORIC ACID VAPOR (5:1 MOLAR) IN NITROGEN IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY @ 250 °C.ANHYDROUS ACID IGNITES SULFINYL CHLORIDE....will ignite...by shock or heat. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Inhalation of vapors or mist causes burning sensation of nose and throat, and lung irritation with coughingprolonged or excessive exposure could cause vomiting and severe coughing. Ingestion causes blistering and burns of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes blistering and burns. (USCG, 1999)Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:· TOXICinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Highly corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary edemaCauses liver injury in high-dose animal studies[HSDB] Evolves heat when mixed with water--may explode[Merck Index] A strong oxidant--a fire and explosion hazardCorrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tractInhalation may cause pulmonary edema[ICSC] |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1873 1431802 157 |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Acids, Strong Oxidizing |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: O, CR: 5-8-35S: (1/2)-23-26-36-45 |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Subsidiary Risks: 8UN Pack Group: I |
| Special Reports | A REVIEW OF THE TOXICITY & HEALTH HAZARD OF PERCHLORIC ACID (17 REFERENCES).[MOREL C ET ALTOXICOLOGICAL PAPER, NO 141: PERCHLORIC ACID (HCLO4)CAH NOTES DOC 94: 173-6 (1979)]This data sheet describes the hazards of perchloric acid and the procedures necessary to avoid physical harm. Contents: Propertiesusescontainersshipping regulationsstoragepersonal hazardshandlingpersonal protective equipmentventilationfire and explosion hazardssymptoms of poisoningfirst aidmedical examinationswaste disposal.[Perchloric acidNational Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 4 pages (1982)] |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:In case of fire in the surroundings: water in large amounts, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| Erste Hilfe | Get medical attention following all exposures to this compound.Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:General First Aid: |
| Sichere Lagerung | Fireproof. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. |
| Firefighting Hazards | ASSUME THAT ORGANIC MATERIALS ARE INVOLVED & THAT AN EXPLOSION MAY OCCUR. USE CAUTION IN APPROACHING THE FIRE. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | COMBAT FIRES FROM SAFE DISTANCE OR PROTECTED LOCATION. FLOOD DISCHARGE AREA WITH WATER. COOL EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH WATER. /AQUEOUS SOLN/USE WATER SPRAY. |
| Lagerbedingungen | REAGENT BOTTLE--MAX 1-LB, GLASS-STOPPERED, GLASS BOTTLEKEPT IN A HEAVY GLASS TRAY WITH LARGER CAPACITY. ADDN LAB STORAGE SHOULD BE IN ORIGINAL BOTTLES INSIDE A GLASS CONTAINER PADDED WITH GLASS WOOL & HAVING GREATER CAPACITY THAN THE CONTAINER. CARBOYS & LARGE BOTTLES SHOULD BE STORED ON ACID-RESISTING NONCOMBUSTIBLE SHELVES, IN A NONCOMBUSTIBLE STRUCTURE. ALL STORAGE MUST BE SEPARATED FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, ORG MATERIALS, STRONG DEHYDRATING AGENTS, OXIDIZING & REDUCING AGENTS. ...MUST BE STORED WHERE IT WILL NOT FREEZE... PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE. ELECTRICAL WIRING...IN STORAGE AREAS MUST BE OF WATERTIGHT TYPE TO PROTECT AGAINST CORROSIVE ACTION OF VAPORS....SHOULD BE STORED & USED IN GLASS OR OTHER INERT CONTAINERS (PREFERABLY UNBREAKABLE), & CORKS & RUBBER STOPPERS SHOULD NOT BE USED. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | NEUTRALIZING AGENTS FOR ACIDS & CAUSTICS: FLUSH WITH WATER & RINSE WITH DILUTE SODIUM BICARBONATE OR SODA ASH SOLUTION.REMOVE SPILLED PERCHLORIC ACID BY IMMEDIATE & THOROUGH WASHING WITH LARGE AMT OF WATER.RADIOACTIVE WASTEWATER CONTAINING PERCHLORIC ACID IS TREATED BY SN, TI3+ OR MOO3, & AQ HCL. AFTER 2 HR 92.3% OF PERCHLORIC ACID WAS REDUCED. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Neutralization, landfill, & discharge to sewer: Reduce perchloric acid with weak reducing agent (hypobisulfite or ferrous salt, plus sulfuric acid as accelerator have been recommended), neutralize with sodium carbonate or calcium oxide. The reduced neutralized slurry may be flushed to the drain with high dilutionotherwise deposit in an approved landfill. |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC100 CYPRINUS CARPIO 180 PPM/24 HR @ 25 °C |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Sore throat. Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.Redness. Pain. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse. Vomiting. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | SYMPTOMATOLOGY (...INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT AND ESOPHAGUS, WITH IMMEDIATE PAIN AND DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS...GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ACQUIRE A BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNKEN OR WRINKLED TEXTURE... 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN...MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING... AT TIMES, GASTRIC HEMORRHAGE MAY BE INTENSE, AND VOMITUS THEN CONTAINS FRESH BLOOD. PROFOUND THIRST. 3. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES AND TISSUES WITH WHICH THE ACID COMES IN CONTACT. AFTER THE INGESTION OF CONCN MINERAL ACID, THIS CORROSION MAY LEAD WITHIN A FEW HR OR A FEW DAYS TO GASTRIC PERFORATION AND PERITONITIS. 4. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE WITH CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP, AND SCANTY URINE. CIRCULATORY SHOCK IS OFTEN IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH. /ACIDS/ |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | PERCHLORIC ACID, GIVEN ORALLY OR SC TO RATS & MICE, SHOWED IN ADDITION TO ITS IRRITATING EFFECT A SPECIFIC ANTITHYROID ACTION, & ALSO INDUCED ABNORMALITIES IN HEPATIC, RENAL, CARDIOVASCULAR, & HEMOPOIETIC FUNCTIONS. |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/ |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/ |
| F | 3 |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1873 5.1/PG I (PERCHLORIC ACID with more than 50 % but not more than 72 % acid, by mass) |
| Zollcode | 3822 00 00 |
| RTECS-Nr. | SC7500000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 5-8-35-10-34-36/38 |
| Toxizität | LD50 oral (rat) 1100 mg/kg LD50 oral (dog) 400 mg/kg |
| Gefahrensymbole | C,O,Xi |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 23-26-36-45-36/37/39 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Met. Corr. 1Ox. Liq. 1Skin Corr. 1ASTOT RE 2 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | II |
| Lagerklasse | 5.1A - Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 7601-90-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Selbstentzündungstemperatur | 485 °C |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Perchloric acid salts are used as explosivesand in metal plating. They are also used as anoxidizer and as a reagent in chemical analysis. These salts are produced by distillingpotassium chlorate with concentrated H2SO4under reduced pressure..