| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH290 (64.5%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]P234, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P390, P391, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 299 reports by companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Palladium chloride (PdCl2)Status: Active Update: 02-02-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/18657Palladium (II) chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Palladium chloride (PdCl2): Environment tier I assessment |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison Corrosive |
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| Brandgefahren | Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992) |
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| Brandpotenzial | /Palladium catalysts/ ... should be filtered from catalytic hydrogenation reaction mixtures carefully. Recovered catalyst is usually saturated with hydrogen & highly reactive & ... will enflame spontaneously on exposure to air. Particularly in large-scale reactions, the filter cake should not be allowed to become dry. Funnel containing the still-moist catalyst filter cake should be put into a water bath immediately after completion of filtration. /palladium catalysts/ |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | SYMPTOMS: This compound causes corneal irritation. |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | Danger of skin sensitization[MAK] May cause dermatitis and skin sensitization[HSDB] May cause irritation to the cornea[CAMEO] An irritant[MSDSonline] See Palladium. |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Metals, Less Reactive |
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| Special Reports | WHOEnviron Health Criteria 226: Palladium (2002) Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc226.htm as of March 3, 2005. |
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| TSCA-Anforderungen | Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble of the 51 FR 41329. |
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| Reactivity Alerts | Known Catalytic Activity |
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| Reactivity Profile | PALLADIUM CHLORIDE is a weak oxidizing agent. It is reduced in solution by hydrogen or carbon monoxide to metallic palladium. (NTP, 1992). Decomposed at high temperatures to metallic palladium and chlorine. |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Fires involving this compound should be controlled using a dry chemical carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992) |
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| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
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| Lagerbedingungen | Keep tightly closed. /Dihydrate/ |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 2.5 [mg/m3]89 [mg/m3]540 [mg/m3] |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992) |
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| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
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| Wechselwirkungen | In guinea-pigs sensitized to palladium(II) chloride, cross-reactivity to nickel sulfate was observed. However, animals induced with nickel sulfate or chromate or cobalt salts did not react upon challenge with palladium(II) chloride. |
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| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Contact with palladium may cause palladium sensitivity and allergy. Animal studies have shown that palladium may damage the liver and kidney. (L798) |
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| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Tubifex tubifex (Tubificid worm) 0.237 mg Pd2+/L/24 hr (95% confidence interval: 0.183-0.316 mg/L)0.142 mg Pd2+/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 0.107-0.184 mg/L)0.092 mg Pd2+/L/96 hr (95% confidence interval: 0.033-0.052 mg/L)renewal (every 24 hr) /from table/ |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin. |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | IDENTIFICATION: Palladium chloride is a rust colored powder soluble in water, hydrochloric acid, alcohol and acetone. This compound used in plating baths. It is used in photography, toning solutions, electroplating parts of clocks and watches, detecting carbon monoxide leaks in burried gas pipes, manufacture of indelible ink. Palladium chloride is available in purity grades 99% to 99.999%. HUMAN EXPOSURE: A few studies indicate individuals showed a positive skin reaction to palladium chloride patches. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES/AQUATIC ORGANISMS: Palladium chloride was poorly absorbed from the digestive tract in adult and suckling rats. Absorption and retention in adult rats was higher following intratracheal or iv exposure. Transfer of small amounts of palladium to offspring via placenta and milk was noted with a single iv doses of this compound. Rats injected with (103)C-palladium chloride mean retention time changed little for the kidney, spleen, muscle, pancreas, thymus, brain. They decreased slightly in liver and markedly in lung, adrenal glandf and blood. Mice given palladium chloride in drinking water from weaning until natural death showed suppression of body weight, a longer life span only in males, an increase in amyloidosis of several inner organs and doubling of malignant tumors. The compound induced eye irritation in rabbits. It also caused erythema in intact and abraded skin. Palladium chloride is a potent skin sensitizer. Reduced testicle weight was noted in mice that recieved sc doses. Mice given palladium chloride in drinking water until natural death developed lymphomas, leukemias and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Eye irritation noted in the eye of a rabbit treated with palladium chloride. This compound inhibited DNA/RNA biosynthesis in vitro with mouse fibroblasts. Palladium chloride is highly toxic to a fresh water worm Tubifex tubifex. It is also highly toxic to fish and grasses.[Due to their ability to form strong complexes with both inorganic and organic ligands, palladium ions can disturb cellular equilibria, replace other essential ions, and interact with functional groups of macromolecules, such as proteins or DNA. Palladium complexes binding to DNA and RNA leads to strand breakage. Palladium ions are able to inhibit most major cellular functions, including DNA and RNA synthesis. Palladium compounds have been shown to bind to and inhibit various enzymes, including creatine kinase and prolyl hydroxylase. (L798) |
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| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The minimum 24-hr lethal concentration of palladium(II) chloride to cyprinodont freshwater fish medaka (Oryzias latipesn=3 per group) has been reported to be 0.04 mmol/L (7 mg/L [4.2 mg palladium/L]). Compared with platinum (hexachloroplatinic acid: 0.08 mmol/L), palladium was more toxic. |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Skin contact with palladium may cause contact dermatitis, erythema, and oedema. (L798) |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A study of the association of palladium sensitivity with nickel sensitivity was conducted. The study group consisted of 536 consecutive patients, 357 females, who were evaluated for suspected contact dermatitis over a 15 month period. They were patch tested with the European standard allergen series supplemented by 1% palladium-chloride in petrolatum. Thirteen patients, 11 females, gave positive responses to palladium-chloride. All were also positive for 5% nickel-sulfate in the standard allergen series. The reaction to nickel was stronger than the reaction to palladium in 12 subjects. Twelve subjects were tested with discs of pure palladium foil. None showed a positive response. Since it was known that the palladium-chloride patch test material was contaminated with traces of nickel, the palladium foil discs were analyzed for nickel by X-ray energy dispersive analysis. No nickel was detectedthe detection limit for nickel was 250 ppm. Twelve of the patients with suspected palladium allergy reported having problems with cheap metal jewelry and metal worn on clothing. One of the two males had chronic hand dermatitis due to occupational exposure. None of patients reported any palladium exposures. The authors conclude that the patients with positive patch test reactions to palladium-chloride may be truly allergic to palladium as well as nickel. The negative response to pure palladium reflects a sub threshold effect. When patch testing is performed with palladium-chloride containing trace amounts of nickel, the threshold for each allergen is reduced and an additive effect of both responses occurs to produce a positive palladium patch test response./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A study of palladium allergy in dermatology patients with patch test positivity to palladium-chloride was conducted. The study group consisted of 1307 patients, mostly females, who were consecutively patch tested at a Danish dermatology clinic. Thirty two were positive for palladium-chloridehowever, just three reacted to palladium-chloride alone. In the other 29 patients, palladium-chloride sensitivity occurred simultaneously with nickel sensitivity. Nineteen of the palladium-chloride positive patients and 451 other patients were patch tested with a metallic palladium disc. All of the palladium-chloride positive patients reacted negatively to palladium. Three of the other 451 patients tested positive for palladium. None tested positive to nickel-sulfate. A platinum disc was placed in 5 mL of synthetic sweat for 5 days at room temperature, after which the fluid was analyzed for palladium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentration of palladium in the synthetic sweat was 1 part per billion which represented a loss of palladium from the disc of only 5 nanograms. The authors conclude that positive patch test reactivity to palladium-chloride in most cases is due to a cross reaction with nickel in nickel-sulfate, not to palladium. Primary sensitization to metallic palladium is probably very rare due to its high corrosion resistance. Patients showing a positive patch test reaction to palladium-chloride can tolerate skin contact with metallic palladium./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In this retrospective study, patch test results of 542 patients (303 female and 239 male), referred to our clinic between June 1996 and July 1999, were evaluated. All patients were patch tested with 32 allergens of an extended European standard series, 140 patients were tested with supplemental series, and 246 patients with their own substances. 280 (51.7%) patients had 1 or more positive results but allergic contact dermatitis, according to clinical relevance, was diagnosed in only 190 (67.9%) of these. Nickel sulfate was the most frequent sensitizer (19.1%), followed by potassium dichromate (11.8%), palladium chloride (9.4%), cobalt chloride (8.5%), and thiuram mix (7.7%). Frequencies of contact allergy to fragrance mix (5.5%), balsam of Peru (Myroxylon Pereirae resin) (2%), quaternium-15 (0.6%), and Kathon CG (methylchloroisothiazolinone+methylisothiazolinone) (0.2%) were relatively low, while no positive reactions were obtained to paraben mix in any case. Current clinical relevance to the present dermatitis was most frequently seen with carba mix (96.2%), thiuram mix (95.2%) and potassium dichromate (78.1%), whereas this rate was low for nickel (37.5%). In 85.8% of patients with allergic contact dermatitis, the responsible allergen was detected by testing with the extended standard series alone (18.4% identified by testing with the additional 10 allergens), in 11.6% by testing with the patients' own substances, and in 2.6% by testing with the supplemental series. Occupational contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 77 of the patients with positive reactions (27.5%), most of these being construction workers and house painters who showed relevant sensitizations to potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, thiuram mix and carba mix. There was no statistically significant difference in the total contact sensitization rate between atopics and non-atopics, but contact sensitivity to nickel sulfate and palladium chloride was significantly higher among atopics. MOAHL index in % was: 44.1/14.2/24.9/ 54.4/2.4. In conclusion, we believe that similar large series of patients would be helpful to delineate the exact profile of contact dermatitis in Turkey./CASE REPORTS/ A patient with a metal dental bridge complained of itching and pain in the oral cavity. She suffered also from recurrent blisters, ulceration, and infection of the oral mucous membrane. Skin tests carried out ... on this patient showed a strong and persistent allergic response to /palladium chloride/ (1% pet)... . The histopathologic examination of food from the test spot showed that... /palladium chloride/ produced contact eczema and lichenoid changes.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PALLADIUM(2+) CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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| Volatilization from Water/Soil | Palladium compounds are ionic and therefore volatilization from dry or moist soil and water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. (SRC) |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In animals that died from intragastric administration of a /palladium chloride/ dose >129 g/kg, necrotic changes in the mucous membrane of the GI tract, hepatocyte dystrophy, and renal tubule damage were found./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ After iv injections, the /rats/ died within 5-7 min. Before the animals died, clonic and tonic convulsions were observed. A 7% weight reduction and an 80% reduction in fodder consumption were found in animals after the ip administration of /palladium chloride/. In addition, a decrease in water consumption accompanied by decreased urine excretion and albuminuria were found. The ip administration of /palladium chloride/ to animals resulted in their death within 24 hr and the histopathological examinations confirmed the peritonitis with numerous intestine adhesions and "chemical burn" -type changes./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Palladium(II) chloride (10 mg deposited on the eye surface) caused corrosive conjunctival lesions and severe inflammation of the cornea and anterior chamber of the eyes of rabbits (n=6). These effects were observed at 24 hr and persisted at 48 and 72 hr./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Palladium chloride /was given to/ rats (n=24) subcutaneously /at a dose of/ 4-24 mg/kg bw. Clinical signs and toxic effects /include/: death: 1/24 within 8 weeks. Survivors: no obvious impairment. /from table/For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PALLADIUM(2+) CHLORIDE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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