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Kaliumnitrat
KNO3 · SALTPETER · XSJ · NITRATE NITROGEN · POTASSIUM NITRATE PLANT CELL CULTURE*TES TED · nitre · vicknite · collo-bo
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 7757-79-1 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | KNO3 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 101,103 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 100,95152454 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=[N+]([O-])[O-].[K+] |
| InChIKey | FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 24434 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1644029 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:63043 |
| EC No. | 231-818-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4029692 |
| Lokaler Name | Kaliumnitrat |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 62,9 |
|---|---|
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 3 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 5 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 18,8 |
| Stoffklassen | Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitrates and Nitrites |
| Kosmetika | SoothingOral care |
| pH | 4,5-8,5 (5 % solution)About 75.0-7.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | thermal expansion coefficient |
| Geruch | Odorless |
| Geschmack | Cooling, saline pungent taste |
| Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| Dichte | 2.109 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink2.1 at 25 °C2.1 g/cm³2.105 @25 °C1.00 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless, rhombic or trigonal crystalsWhite granular or crystalline powder |
| Löslichkeit | 35g/100mlSol in water, glycerolslightly sol in alcoholInsoluble in ethanol1 g/2.8 mL water at about 25 °C1 g/0.5 mL boiling water1 g/620 mL alcohol38.3 g/100 g water at 25 °CFor more Solubility (Complete) data for POTASSIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless320 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Siedepunkt | 752 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (USCG, 1999)400 °C (decomp)100 °C750 mm Hg |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides & dipotassium oxide/.Boiling point 400 °C (decomp)... /Potassium nitrate/ decomposes on heating producing nitrogen oxides, oxygen, which increases fire hazard. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 334 °C (lit.) |
| Flammpunkt | 400°C |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store at RT. |
| Aggregatzustand | Solid |
| Wichte | 2.109 |
| Farbe | white |
| Flame Color | Light Purple |
| Geruch | odorless, cooling pungent salty taste |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(crystal): 0.95 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,7648 |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 5(0.0℃) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Strong oxidizer - contact with combustible material may cause fire. Incompatible with combustible materials, strong reducing agents. |
| Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen | SOOTHINGORAL CARE |
| InChI | 1S/K.NO3/c2-1(3)4/q+1 |
| InChIKey | FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | -0.129 (est) |
| CAS Datenbank | 7757-79-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Potassium nitrate (7757-79-1) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.9% (131 of 2229) of reports.DangerH272 (93.9%): May intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 2229 reports by companies from 21 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Nitric acid, potassium saltRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)Nitric acid potassium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid potassium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 15-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15481Nitric acid, potassium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001338 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Nitric acid, potassium salt: Environment tier I assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Oxidizer |
| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May produce toxic nitrogen oxides upon decomposition.CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with reducing agents. |
| Brandpotenzial | Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances ... Risk of fire and explosion on contact with reducing agents.Dangerous fire ... risk when shocked or heated ... |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Exposure can cause mild irritation of eyes, nose and throat. (USCG, 1999)· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | A strong oxidizing agent that enhances the combustion of other materialsA skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantCauses methemoglobinemia when ingested[ICSC] May cause anemia, methemoglobinemia, and nephritis on prolonged exposure[Merck Index] Acceptable daily intake of 0-3.7 mg/kg for uses in food as an antimicrobial preservative and color fixative[JECFA] An oxidizer that can intensify fireMay cause irritationTargets the blood and CNS[Aldrich MSDS] See NITRATES and NITRITES.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of potassium nitrate stem from its toxicologic properties and reactivity. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact), exposure to this odorless, colorless-to-white, crystalline substance may occur from its use as a fertilizer, in the manufacture of fireworks, matches, glass, ceramics, candle wicks, rocket propellants, or in the pickling of meats. Effects from exposure may include burns to the skin and eyes, diuresis, headache, nausea, or methemoglobinemia. Local exhaust ventilation close to the point of contaminant generation should be used to limit exposure. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear personal protective clothing and a self-contained breathing apparatus. If exposure should occur, immediately flush affected skin and eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While not flammable itself, potassium nitrate is a powerful oxidizer and if it comes into contact with easily oxidizable substances it may react rapidly enough to cause ignition, violent combustion or explosion. Also, potassium nitrate presents an explosion risk when shocked or heated and may produce poisonous gases in a fire. For fires involving potassium nitrate, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, or fog. If water is used, apply from as far a distance as possible. If fire becomes uncontrollable, consider evacuation of one-half mile radius. Potassium nitrate should be stored in a cool, dry area, away from combustible (wood, paper, oil, etc.), organic, or other readily oxidizable materials. Potassium nitrate may be shipped via air, rail, road, and water, in containers bearing the label, "Oxidizer". For small spills of potassium nitrate, place material into a clean, dry covered container. For large spills of potassium nitrate solutions, first dike far ahead of the spill to prevent it from entering water sources and sewers, then take up with sand, earth, or other noncombustible absorbent material. |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1486 140 |
| FDA-Anforderungen | The food additive potassium nitrate may be safely used as a curing agent in the processing of cod roe, in an amount not to exceed 200 parts per million of the finished roe.Sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate are subject to prior sanctions issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for use as sources of nitrite, with or without sodium or potassium nitrite, in the production of cured red meat products and cured poultry products.Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: potassium nitrate is included in orally administered menstrual drug products. |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Pack Group: III |
| Special Reports | USEPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite (Sodium and Potassium Nitrates), September 1991. The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of October 11, 2006: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm] |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. |
| Erste Hilfe | Get medical attention.General First Aid: |
| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Evaporation at 20 °C is negligiblea harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.If fire becomes uncontrollable--consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Separated from combustible and reducing substances. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Sweep spilled substance into plastic or glass containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| Treatment | Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613) |
| Wechselwirkungen | Nitrates have long been considered as harmful dietary components and judged responsible for deleterious effects on human health, leading to stringent regulations concerning their levels in food and water. However, recent studies demonstrate that dietary nitrate may have a major role in human health as a non-immune mechanism for host defense, through its metabolism to NO in the stomach. NO is a versatile molecule and although evidence exists showing that administration of low doses of exogenous NO protects against gastrointestinal inflammation, higher NO doses have been shown to exacerbate injury. So, the effect of an ingestion of nitrates in doses corresponding to a normal diet in human consumers on an experimental gastritis induced by iodoacetamide in rats was investigated. During gastritis one of the following compounds was given orally: waterpotassium nitratethe NO donor sodium nitroprussidethe NO scavenger haemoglobin given with either water or potassium nitrate. N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, was administered with either water, iodoacetamide alone, or combined with potassium nitrate. After killing, the stomach was resected and microscopic damage scores, myeloperoxidase and NO synthase activities were determined. Iodoacetamide-induced gastritis was significantly reduced by potassium nitrate administration, an effect which was reproduced by sodium nitroprusside and reversed by hemoglobin. l-NAME induced gastric mucosal damage in itself, and potassium nitrate did not prevent the gastritis induced by iodoacetamide associated with l-NAME. In conclusion, dietary nitrate exerts a protective effect against an experimental gastritis in rats by releasing NO in the stomach but such an effect requires the production of endogenous NO. /Nitrates/Dietary nitrate is reduced to nitrite by some oral bacteria and the resulting nitrite is converted to nitric oxide (NO) in acidic gastric juice. The aim of this study is to elucidate the pathophysiological role of dietary nitrate in the stomach. Intragastric administration of nitrate rapidly increased nitrate and NO in plasma and the gastric headspace, respectively. Water-immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in gastric mucosa and induced hemorrhagic erosions by a nitrate-inhibitable mechanism. In animals that had received either cardiac ligation or oral treatment with povidone-iodine, a potent bactericidal agent, administration of nitrate failed to increase gastric levels of NO and to inhibit WIRS-induced mucosal injury. WIRS decreased gastric mucosal blood flow by a mechanism which was inhibited by administration of nitrate. These data suggested that the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate and related metabolites consisted of gastrointestinal absorption and salivary secretion of nitrate, its conversion to nitrite by oral bacteria and then to NO in the stomach might play important roles in the protection of gastric mucosa from hazardous stress. /Nitrates/Desensitization of hypersensitive teeth by the combination of dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) and potassium nitrate (potassium nitrate) is more effective than when potassium nitrate is used alone. potassium nitrate/DMI work together to desensitize hypersensitive teeth at a higher, quicker, and more profound and lasting level.The intestinal transport of D-xylose was studied during subchronic poisoning of male Wistar rats with the oral administration of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite. The metabolic parameters of small intestine mucosa were determined one hour after xylose administration, i.e., Na+/K(+)-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, oxygen consumption, and lactic acid level. Nitrite reduced the absorption of xylose and decreased the activity of Na+/K(+)-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase. No effect of sodium nitrite was demonstrated on the aerobic metabolism of intestinal mucosa with an increased lactic acid level. Potassium nitrate did not effect the processes of intestinal absorption of xylose nor the metabolic parameters of small intestine mucosa.For more Interactions (Complete) data for POTASSIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137) |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea)Conditions: freshwaterstaticConcentration: 900 mg/L for 4.2 days /total/Concentration: 490 mg/L for 24 hr /total/Concentration: 490 mg/L for 48 hr /total/Concentration: 226 mg/L for 72 hr /total/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for POTASSIUM NITRATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the bloodthe compound is classified as secondary toxic effect |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.Oral (L1137)inhalation (L1137) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613) |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The intended purpose of /pesticide/ products containing these active ingredients is to kill certain vertebrates and wasp pest species inhabiting burrows. ... Application is subsurface and precludes exposure to avian populations and aquatic organisms. The Agency realizes, however, that any organism in a properly treated burrow will likely be killed and is concerned about potential impact to populations of non-target and endangered species. The open literature indicates that several types of non-target organisms, including burrowing owls, may inhabit the burrows of target pests. ... Due to the potential risk to non-target organisms, the Agency is currently developing more extensive labeling regarding timing of application and observation of signs indicating the presence or absence of target and nontarget organisms. These instructions will be explicit concerning actions users must take before applying the product. The use of these products may also result in a potential impact on endangered species which utilize burrows.../AQUATIC SPECIES/ /Reproduction rate (numbers of Hydra at a given time) of Hydra attenuata is recorded in control soln and in soln containing 50, 150, 250 mg NO3/L (81.5, 245, 408 mg KNO3/L)/. At 50 mg NO3/L (81.5 mg KNO3/L) and 150 mg NO3/L (245 mg KNO3/L) the growth rate was similar or slightly superior to that of the controls. At 250 mg NO3/L (408 mg KNO3/L) the rate of growth was considerably retarded, but clubbing of tentacles was not observed. Potassium nitrate was found to be the least toxic of the 3 nitrates (KNO3, NaNO3, NH4NO3) tested with a no-effect level of between 150 and 250 mg NO3/L (between 245 and 408 mg KNO3/L). The cation had a considerable influence on toxicity of nitrate soln./AQUATIC SPECIES/ /In a/ static /assay,/ ... in soln with a potassium nitrate concn up to 1,035 mg potassium nitrate/L the development of loach (Misgurnus fossilis) /embryos/ up to resorption of the yolk sac was similar to the controls. At 2,068 to 2,586 mg potassium nitrate/L prolarvae hatched but then died. Starting at a concn of 5,171 mg potassium nitrate/L or more no development occurred./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chronic toxicity of potassium nitrate due to a slight incr of KNO3 (8.5 mg K/L or 22 mg KNO3/L) was studied /in Tinca tinca (tench)/ over an exposure period of 2 to 35 days /in a/ flow-through /system/. The effect on blood and tissue parameters such as: plasma glycose, free plasma fatty acids, plasma glycerol, serum lactic acid, amino acids of whole blood and of plasma and of plasma cortisol was studied. Further Na and K were assayed in whole blood, plasma and liver, water content in liver and in muscle was determined together with glycogen levels in the heart, the liver and the muscles ... When Tinca tinca was exposed to a slight incr in the potassium content of the water (from 1.5 mg K/L to 8.5 mg K/L) metabolic and hormonal changes occurred which lasted more than 4 wk. An initial phase of lipolysis was followed by as partial consumption of glycogen reserves, which in turn was followed by a phase of glyconeogenesis. Hypoglycemia persisted through the experiment. The ion distribution in erythrocytes and liver changed relative early, there was no observable change in water content. These changes are similar to those observed during osmoregulation of fish. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat.Redness.Redness. Pain.Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Confusion. Convulsions. Diarrhoea. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137) |
| Medical Surveillance | Clinical Evaluation: History. Evaluation of a patient with suspected nitrate/nitrite exposure includes a complete medical history and physical examination. Clues to potential exposure are often obtained by reviewing the following items with the patient or family: location of home (urban, suburban, or rural)drinking water source and supply (if well water: depth, location, type of well construction, and frequency of microbiologic and nitrate testing)surrounding activities (agricultural or industrial) and proximity to drinking-water sourcetype of sewer system (municipal or septic) and proximity to drinking water sourcerecent floodingoccupations, avocations, and hobbies of family membersnutritional status (for infants: type of formula, feeding regimen, and source of dilution water)family history, including recent use of medications by infant and motherand history of recent gastroenteritis with vomiting or diarrhea. /Nitrates and Nitrites/Physical examination should include special attention to the color of the skin and mucous membranes. If there is a history of gastroenteritis (especially in infants), evaluate the patient for the possible presence of dehydration (poor skin turgor, sunken fontanelle, dry mucous membranes). All cyanotic patients should be assessed for possible cardiac and lung disease (cardiac murmurs, gallops, arrhythmiasrales, rhonchi, wheezes, dullness or hyperresonance in the chest). A central chocolate-brown or slate-gray cyanosis that does not respond to administration of 100% oxygen is indicative of methemoglobinemia. Cyanosis due to cardiorespiratory compromise most often improves with administration of 100% oxygen. In young infants, look for labored breathing, respiratory exhaustion, hypotension, below-average weight gain, and failure to meet developmental markers. Gastroenteritis can increase the rates of production and absorption of nitrites in young infants and aggravate methemoglobinemia. /Nitrates and Nitrites/Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia can be directly correlated with the percentage of total hemoglobin in the oxidized form... The lips and mucous membranes of patients with nitrate/nitrite toxicity usually have more of a brownish than a bluish cast. Dyspnea, especially on exertion, is common. Varying degrees of central nervous system depression might be present. The cardiac and pulmonary examinations are usually normal, but systolic flow murmurs might be detected. Cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension can occur in patients with severe poisoning, although death from methemoglobinemia alone is uncommon, except in infants. /Nitrates and Nitrites/Laboratory Evaluation Most commonly, a drop of the patient's blood is placed on a piece of filter paper next to a drop of blood from person who does not have methemoglobinemiawhen dry, the blood with methemoglobin will turn a deep chocolate-brown or slate-gray color. A tube of methemoglobin containing blood will not turn red when shaken in air or when oxygen is bubbled through it, whereas blood that is dark because of normal deoxyhemoglobin will turn red. Screening Tests: Examination of blood color. Determination of the calculated versus measured arterial saturation gap. Hemoglobin and hematocrit. Serum-free hemoglobin (for hemolysis detection). Serum haptoglobin (for hemolysis detection). Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smear. Urinalysis. Specialized Tests: Determination of methemoglobin level. Tests for causes of congenital methemoglobinemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis. Activity of NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase. Tests for Causes of Failure of Methylene Blue Therapy (see Treatment and Management section): Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Activity of NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase. Sulfhemoglobin blood level (not readily available for clinical use). /Nitrates and Nitrites/For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for POTASSIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Death and severe effects of nitrate ingestion are generally associated with doses above 10 g NO3-. Doses between 2 and 9 g NO3- have been reported to cause methemoglobinemia. These values correspond to 33 to 150 mg NO3-/kg. /Nitrate/[IPCSPoisons Information Monograph G016: Nitrates and nitrites. (September 1996). Available from, as of October 24, 2006: http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/chemical/pimg016.htm]/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The major acute toxic effect from /nitrate and/ nitrite is development of methemoglobinemia, a condition where more than 10% of the hemoglobin is transformed into methemoglobin. When the conversion exceeds 70% the condition can be fatal ... These effects are reversible. The major concern of possible long-term effects of exposure to nitrate and nitrite is associated with formation of nitroso compounds, many of which are carcinogenic. This formation may take place wherever nitrite and nitrosable compounds are present, but it is favored by acidic conditions or the presence of some bacteria. The gastrointestinal tract and especially the stomach is regarded as the main formation site, but nitrosation reactions can also take place in an infected urinary bladder ... /Nitrate and nitrite poisoning/[IPCS/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion of large quantities may cause violent gastroenteritis. Prolonged exposure to small amounts may produce anemia, methemoglobinemia, nephritis.[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983., p. 1102]/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Potassium nitrate ... /is/ rapidly absorbed and excreted unchanged, causing few reactions other than diuresis and perhaps catharsis. Under some circumstances, however, appreciable amounts of nitrate are converted to nitrite.[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. III-316]For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM NITRATE (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | ... potassium nitrate ... /is/ present in well water contaminated by runoff from nitrogen fertilizers, decaying matter, or sewage treatment plants. |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether products containing the active ingredient are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required or waived the submission of the generic (i.e., active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing sodium or potassium nitrate as an active ingredient. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data and information from published literature, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of products containing sodium or potassium nitrate.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Potassium nitrate is found on List D. Case No: 4052Pesticide type: rpdenticide, antimicrobialCase Status: RED Approved 9/91OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .Active ingredient (AI): potassium nitrateData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 1/15/92AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Potassium nitrateA Commercial Grade400Explosive/Improvised Explosive Device Precursor material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques. |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (ME) MAINE 10000 ug/l /Nitrate ion/(MN) MINNESOTA 10000 ug/l /Nitrate ion/ |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 10,000 ug/L /Nitrate ion/ |
| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | EPA 10,000 ug/L /Nitrate ion/ |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1486 |
| Zollcode | 2834 21 00 |
| RTECS-Nr. | TT3700000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 8-36/38-36/37/38-22 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in rabbits: 1.166 g anion/kg, Dollahite, Rowe, Southwest. Vet. 27, 246 (1974) |
| Gefahrensymbole | O,Xi,Xn |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 26-17-36-7-24/25 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 5.1Ox. Sol. 3 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 5.1B - Oxidizing hazardous materials |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 7757-79-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Potassium nitrate is a solid, colorless, crystalline ionic compound that exists as the mineral niter.Potassium nitrate is also known as saltpeter. The name saltpeter comes from the Latin sal petrae, meaning salt of stone or salt of Petra. he term saltpeter or Chilean saltpeter is also used for sodium nitrate, NaNO3.
History
Saltpeter’s most prominent use in human history is as the principal ingredient in gunpowder.The potassium nitrate used in gunpowder was originally obtained from natural mineral deposits of niter. Small quantities formed as efflorescence deposits on damp stone walls were identified as early as 2000 b.c.e. in Sumerian writings. As the use of black powder expanded with the development of weapons, the demand for saltpeter exceeded supply. This was exacerbated during times of war. To meet the demand for saltpeter to produce black powder, a saltpeter industry developed that followed prescribed methods to produce large quantities of saltpeter. The method depended on processing dirt obtained from areas where nitrates would naturally form. These were areas in which animal waste had accumulated such as the dirt floors of barns, stables, herding pens, caves, or cellars. The ammonia compounds in the urine and fecal wastes in these areas underwent nitrifi cation to produce nitrates, which combined with potassium in the soil to form saltpeter.
Verwenden
Potassium Nitrate is a preservative and color fixative in meats which exists as colorless prisms or white granules or powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 3 ml of water at 25°c. see nitrate.