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HCID 24460Erstellt: 27. Oktober 2026

Lead Chromate

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Molekülstruktur von Lead Chromate

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.	11119-70-3
Summenformel	PbCrO4
Durchschnittliche Molmasse	323 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse	323,89681808 g/mol
SMILES	[O]=[Cr](=[O])([O-])[O-].[Pb+2]
InChIKey	MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	24460
ChEBI	CHEBI:86257
EC No.	231-846-0
DTXSID	DTXSID1064792

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)	80,3
H-Brücken-Donoren	0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren	4
Frei drehbare Bindungen	0
Schwere Atome	6
Formalladung	0
Komplexität	62,2
Stoffklassen	Metals -> Lead Compounds, InorganicCarcinogens
pH	Bivalent chromium compounds are basic
SpringerMaterials Properties	dielectric constant
Geruch	Odorless
Dichte	6.12 at 59 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink6.12 g/cu cm6.3 g/cm³6.12 @25 °C
Color/Form	Yellow or orange-yellow powderYellow-orange monoclinic crystalsOrthorhombic: yellow crystalsmonoclinic: orange crystalstetragonal: red crystals
Löslichkeit	less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)In water, 0.2 mg/LIn water, 0.17 mg/L at 20 °CIn water, 0.058 mg/L at 25 °CInsoluble in acetic acidsoluble in dilute nitric acid and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxidesSoluble in acidinsoluble in ammonia
Siedepunkt	Decomposes (NTP, 1992)not available (decomposes when heated)482 °F (decomposes)
Decomposition	When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /inorganic lead/
Schmelzpunkt	1551 °F (NTP, 1992)844 °C
Dampfdruck	Approximately 0 mm Hg
Brechungsindex	Index of refraction: 2.31, 2.37 (Li /lamp/), 2.66

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-Einstufung	DangerH350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]P203, P260, P273, P280, P318, P319, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (1 of 374) of reports.H350 (99.7%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]
Regulatorische Informationen	Chemical: Chromic acid (H2CrO4), lead(2+) salt (1:1)Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityReproductive ToxicitySP - indicates a substance that is identified in a proposed Significant New Use Rule.Restricted substance: Lead chromateSubstance: Lead chromateLead (II) chromate: HSNO Approval: HSR003009 Approved with controls
Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen	IMAP assessments - Lead chromates: Human health tier II assessment
DOT-Kennzeichnung	Oxidizer Corrosive
Brandgefahren	Flammability and Flash point data are unavailablethis compound is probably non-flammable. (NTP, 1992)Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers.
Gesundheitsgefahren	ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. (NTP, 1992)
Gefahrenübersicht	Despite the limited evidence for lead chromate causing cancer in humans, there is ample evidence in humans and animals that all Cr(VI) compounds, both soluble and insoluble, are capable of causing lung cancer. Lead poisoning can occur in exposed workers. [ACGIH] See Lead and linked occupational diseases. See Chromium and linked occupational diseases.
Reaktive Gruppe	Salts, Basic
EG-Einstufung	Symbol: T, NR: 45R: 61-62-33-50/53S: 53-45-60-61
UN-Einstufung

Special Reports	DHHS/ATSDRToxicological profile for chromium (September 2012).[DHHS/ATSDRToxicological profile for chromium (September 2012)Available from, as of February 8, 2016: ww.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp7.pdf]

RCRA-Anforderungen

D008A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/D007A solid waste containing chromium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Chromium/

TSCA-Anforderungen

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chromic acid (H2Cr04 ), lead (2+) salt (1:1) is included on this list. Effective date: 2/28/2008Sunset date: 4/28/2008.

Brandbekämpfung

This compound is not very flammable but any fire involving this compound may produce dangerous vapors. You should evacuate the area. All firefighters should wear full-body protective clothing and use self-contained breathing apparatuses. You should extinguish any fires involving this chemical with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen	Fresh air, rest.Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

Erste Hilfe

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Sichere Lagerung	Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung	Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Lead in blood = 200 ug/L (20 ug/100 ml)sampling time not critical[ACGIH] See Chromium for BEI of chromium (VI) water-soluble fume.

Brandbekämpfungsverfahren

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.NFPA recommends the use of water on fire.From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers, If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for LEAD CHROMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Lagerbedingungen

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effectsStore in a secure poison location. ... Lead chromate must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) and chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc and ferric ferrocyanide), since violent reactions occur. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Reinigungsverfahren

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dustEnvironmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoidedMethods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.Cr(VI) cmpd in waste sludge are completely removed by redn by carbon at 600 °C. /Chromium VI/Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed. If chromic acid or chromates are spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing chromic acid or chromates should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /Chromic acid and chromates/PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Freisetung ohne Brand

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with dilute acid or dilute alkali (e.g. dilute HNO3), then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with the dilute acid or alkali to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper and any of your clothing which may be contaminated in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with dilute acid or alkali followed by washing with strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Entsorgungsverfahren

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubberContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Chemical Treatability of LeadConcentration Process: Biological TreatmentChemical Classification: MetalScale of Study: Respirometer StudyResults of Study: Oxygen uptake inhibited.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for LEAD CHROMATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Verschüttetes entsorgen	Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Preventive Measures

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dustEnvironmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for LEAD CHROMATE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Treatment	Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16, L21)

Wechselwirkungen

13 lead chromate-based pigments were assayed for mutagenicity and toxicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The compounds were assayed with and without S9, both in the presence and absence of the chelating agent, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). In general, the use of NTA to solubilize the compounds resulted in mutagenicity and/or toxicity being observed where it had not in the absence of NTA, or being observed at lower concentrations than when water alone was used. Encapsulation of pigments with amorphous silica rendered these pigments non-mutagenic and non-toxic, indicating that the active moieties were biologically unavailable to the bacteria. Varying the percentage of silica encapsulation on one pigment, medium chrome yellow, indicated that 5% encapsulation did not alter the mutagenicity while 10% encapsulation inhibited the mutagenicity without or with NTA.

Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been know to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (A12, L21)

Toxizitätsübersicht

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead chromate is a yellow or orange-yellow powder. It is used as a pigment for paints and inksin oil and water colorsprinting fabricsdecorating china and porcelainin chemical analysis of organic substancesand in traffic paints. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Lead chromate is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Although no evidence has been found that lead-chromate causes lung cancer in lead chromate workers, it cannot be unequivocally stated that heavy exposures to lead chromate does not present a cancer hazard. One possible mechanism for lead chromate-induced carcinogenesis is through centrosome dysfunction, leading to the induction of aneuploidy. Lead in lead chromate could cause possible neurotoxicity. Increasing concentrations of lead chromate induced increasing amounts of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in human skin cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: A single sc injection of 30 mg lead chromate(VI) oxide in water to 2 groups of 40 rats gave rise to 26/40 & 27/40 sarcomas, respectively, at site of injection within 117-150 weeks. No local sarcoma occurred in 60 vehicle-treated control rats. Lead chromate induced 14 fibrosarcomas & 17 rhabdomyosarcomas at the site of injection in 31/47 rats given monthly im injections of lead chromate. In addition, 3/24 lead chromate-treated rats had renal carcinomas. No such tumors appeared in a similar group of 22 controls injected with the vehicle. No lung tumors were found in rabbits and guinea pigs after intratracheal instillation. The potential mutagenicity of lead chromate was tested by following battery of microbial tests: the Escherichia coli pola+/pola- survival testthe Salmonella/microsome his+ reversion assaythe E coli trp+ reversion test plate assaythe E coli gal+ forward mutation test& the Saccharomyces cerevisiae assay for mitotic recombination. Lead chromate was mutagenic in Salmonella & in Saccharomyces. Metabolic activation by rat liver homogenate (S9) was not required. Apparently, chromate ion is responsible for mutagenicity of lead chromate. An insoluble chromic compound, lead chromate (PbCrO4), was not cytotoxic nor mutagenic on V79 cells, probably because it is taken up by the cells very slowly. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Lead chromate was both cytotoxic and genotoxic to sea turtle cells. Concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm lead chromate induced 108, 79, 54, and 7% relative survival, respectively. Additionally, concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm lead chromate induced damage in 4, 10, 15, 26, and 36% of cells and caused 4, 11, 17, 30, and 56 chromosome aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. Increasing concentrations of lead chromate induce increasing amounts of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in sperm whale skin cells.Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, its main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36, T4, A20, A22, L136)

Ökotoxizitätsauszüge

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Sea turtles are a charismatic and ancient ocean species and can serve as key indicators for ocean ecosystems, including coral reefs and sea grass beds as well as coastal beaches. Genotoxicity studies in the species are absent, limiting our understanding of the impact of environmental toxicants on sea turtles. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a ubiquitous environmental problem worldwide, and recent studies show it is a global marine pollutant of concern. Thus, ...the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soluble and particulate Cr(VI) in hawksbill sea turtle cells /was evaluated/. Particulate Cr(VI) was both cytotoxic and genotoxic to sea turtle cells. Concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm lead chromate induced 108, 79, 54, and 7% relative survival, respectively. Additionally, concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm lead chromate induced damage in 4, 10, 15, 26, and 36% of cells and caused 4, 11, 17, 30, and 56 chromosome aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. For soluble Cr, concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 uM sodium chromate induced 84, 69, 46, 25, and 3% relative survival, respectively. Sodium chromate induced 3, 9, 9, 14, 21, and 29% of metaphases with damage, and caused 3, 10, 10, 16, 26, and 39 damaged chromosomes in 100 metaphases at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5uM sodium chromate, respectively. These data suggest that Cr(VI) may be a concern for hawksbill sea turtles and sea turtles in general./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chromium (Cr) is a global marine pollutant, present in marine mammal tissues. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known human carcinogen. In this study, we compare the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of Cr(VI) in human (Homo sapiens) and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) skin fibroblasts. Our data show that increasing concentrations of both particulate /lead chromate/ and soluble /sodium chromate/ Cr(VI) induce increasing amounts of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in human and sperm whale skin cells. Furthermore, the data show that sperm whale cells are resistant to these effects exhibiting less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the human cells. Differences in Cr uptake accounted for some but not all of the differences in particulate and soluble Cr(VI) genotoxicity, although it did explain the differences in particulate Cr(VI) cytotoxicity. Altogether, the data indicate that Cr(VI) is a genotoxic threat to whales, but also suggest that whales have evolved cellular mechanisms to protect them against the genotoxicity of environmental agents such as Cr(VI).

Signs and Symptoms

Cough.Redness.See Effects of short-term exposureSymptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16, A2, L21)

ICSC Environmental Data	Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Medical Surveillance

... If environmental sampling and analysis show that environmental levels are at or greater than the recommended environmental levels, ... blood analysis shall be conducted quarterly ... until blood levels have returned to below the acceptable limit. ... If a blood level of 0.060 mg Pb/100 g or greater is found and confirmed by a second sample to be taken within two weeks, steps to reduce absorption of lead shall be taken as soon as the high levels are confirmed and a medical examination for possible lead poisoning shall be made available to workers with unacceptable blood lead levels. /Inorganic lead/Medical records shall include information on all biologic determinations and on all required medical examinations. These records shall be available to the medical representatives of the employer, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and at the employee's request, to the employee's physician. /SRP: OSHA regs 1910.20 require that medical records be kept for duration of employment plus 30 years./ These records should be kept ... after the last occupational exposure to inorganic lead. /Inorganic lead/... Comparative advantages of /the biological indicator/ delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in typical (variable) occupational exposure conditions included: the highest sensitivity at low and relatively high lead exposure levelsbetter reflection of biologically active Pb as opposed to blood lead (PbB) (particularly compared to delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALAU) and coproporphyrin (CPU))higher specificity compared to other indicators of lead effectand generally higher reliability with regard to biologically and methodologically induced variations. ... /Inorganic lead/The employer shall make available biological monitoring in the form of blood sampling and analysis for lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels to each employee who is or may be exposed above the action level for more than 30 days/yr. /Inorganic lead/For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for LEAD CHROMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Natural Pollution Sources	Crocoite, a natural lead chromate, found use as a pigment because of its beautiful, permanent orange-red color(1). However, this mineral was very rare(1). Lead chromate occurs in nature as the minerals crocoite and phoenicochroite(2).

Luftstandards

... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, from ambient air exposure to the substance. Chromium is included on this list. /Chromium/Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Chromium compounds is included on this list. /Chromium compounds/

Clean Water Act Anforderungen	Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Lead and compounds/Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Chromium and compounds/

Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser	Maximum contaminant level goal for inorganic contaminants: Contaminant: ChromiumMCLG 0.1 mg/L. /Chromium/Maximum contaminant level goal for inorganic contaminants: Contaminant: LeadMCLG 0 mg/L. /Lead/