Deuterium

Other Classes -> Elements, Nonmetallic

Flammable agents - 4th degree

0.169 @ -250.9 °C (LIQUID)

At 20.4 K: density, 169 g/l; viscosity, 4.0X10-2 cP; surface tension, 3.7 mN/m; thermal conductivity, 12.6 W/cm.K; dielectric constant, 1.27 /Liquid equilibrium D2 (97.8% ortho-D2)/

0.169 @ -250.9°C

-249.49 °C

-249.49 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-254.43 °C @ 128.5 mm Hg

Critical temp: 38.3 K; critical pressure: 16.28 atm; critical volume: 60.4 cu cm/mol /Equilibrium deuterium/

-254.43 °C

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen but it is chemically identical. It is a colorless, odorless gas. It is easily ignited. Once ignited it burns with a pale blue, almost invisible flame. The vapors are lighter than air. It is flammable over a wide range of vapor/air concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is not toxic but is a simple asphyxiate by the displacement of oxygen in the air.

Odorless, flammable gas; [CAMEO]

Danger

H220 (97.6%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

P203, P210, P222, P280, P377, P381, P403, and P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 123 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

Status: Active Update: 22-06-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/20919

Deuterium: HSNO Approval: HSR000993 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. ... Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet ) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DEUTERIUM (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

General First Aid:

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Never use cylinders of deuterium in areas where flames, excessive heat or sparks may occur. Utilize only explosion proof equipment and spark proof tools in areas where deuterium is handled.

Ground all equipment and lines used with deuterium. Never use a flame to detect gas leaks, use soapy water.

Do not store reserve stocks of deuterium with cylinders containing oxygen, or with other highly oxidizing or combustible materials.

Do not place cylinders where they may become part of an electric circuit.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Approach fire with caution.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

65000 [ppm]

230000 [ppm]

400000 [ppm]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves and goggles.

Replacement of more than one-third of the hydrogen by deuterium in body fluids of mammals or two-thirds of the hydrogen in higher green plants has catastrophic consequences for the organisms. At lower levels of deuterium in higher plants, growth is markedly slowed. In mice and rats low levels of deuterium result in sterility, and at higher concn neuromuscular disturbances, fine muscle tremors, and a tendency to convulsions can be noted. ... Impairment of kidney function, anemia, disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, central nervous system disturbances, and altered adrenal function /were found/ in deuterated mice. Hemoglobin and RBC count, serum glucose, and cholesterol all decrease in deuterated dogs. ... /However/ numerous green and blue-green algae have been grown in which > 99.5% of the hydrogen has been replaced by D. ... Numerous varieties of bacteria, molds, fungi, and even a protozoan have been successfully grown in fully deuterated form.

Used as a tracer in chemical reactions; [Merck Index] Used to produce heavy water (D2O2), a moderator of neutrons in nuclear reactors; [Ullmann]

Extensively in small amt as tracer in establishment of rates and kinetics of chemical reactions.

Explosive in hydrogen bomb as lithium deuteride

Bombardment of atomic nuclei, tracer element, thermonuclear reactions.

Deuterium has very desirable properties as a moderator for neutrons.

May be obtained by electrolysis of heavy water (obtained by hydrogen sulfide/water exchange process) or by fractional distillation of liq hydrogen: Urey et al, Phys Rev, 39, 164 (1932); Spevack, US patent 2,787,526 (1957 to USAEC).

Chemical exchange between hydrogen and water or hydrogen and ammonia; distillation of water ... and electrolysis of water in combination with other procedures. /Production of heavy water/

Electrolysis of high-purity heavy water, fractional distillation of liquid hydrogen.

Deuterium: ACTIVE

An isotope of hydrogen whose nucleus contains one neutron and one proton, and is therefore twice as heavy (atomic weight 2.014) as the nucleus of normal hydrogen.

If controlled thermonuclear fusions can be achieved, deuterium gas will become increasingly important.

Heavy water, D2O, is the most important cmpd of deuterium and the only form of deuterium produced ... on a large scale.

... The ortho form of deuterium is more stable than the para form at low temp, and at normal temp the ratio of ortho to para deuterium is 2:1 in contrast to the 3:1 ratio for hydrogen.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for DEUTERIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.