Propham

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water.

A system for removing pesticides from the wash water produced by pesticide applicators as they clean their equipment has been developed. The system incorporates a two-stage treatment process. The first step is the flocculation/coagulation and sedimentation of the pesticide contaminated wash water. The supernatant from the first step is then passed through activated C columns.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2005)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U373, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.

Avoid breathing of vapor or spray mist. Use with adequate ventilation.

Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.

Indoor Applications. If the label directions permit, leave all windows open and fans operating after the application is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put all pets outdoors, and take yourself any your family away from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed on the label. Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks; don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used for food preparation. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residue before placing food on them.

Indoor Applications. When using total release foggers to control pests, use no more than the amount needed and to keep foggers away from ignition sources (ovens, stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, and water heaters, for example). Foggers should not be used in small, enclosed places such as closets and cabinets or under tables and counters.

Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.

5.0 ppm for hay of alfalfa, clover, and grass; 2.0 ppm for alfalfa, clover, and grass; 0.1 ppm for flaxseed, lentils, lettuce, peas, safflower seed, spinach, and sugar beets (roots and tops); 0.05 ppm eggs, milk, and the meat fat, and meat byproducts of cattle, goats, hogs, horses, poultry, and sheep.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

LD50 /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard duck, 3 month old) oral >2,000 mg/kg

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus (Scud) 54 mg/L/24 hr (95% confidence interval: 31-92 mg/L); static /Formulated product/

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus (Scud) 19 mg/L/96 hr (95% confidence interval: 10-34 mg/L); static /Formulated product/

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus (Scud) 22 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 14-35 mg/L); static /Formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL PHENYLCARBAMATE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 51 to 65(2,3) indicate that isopropyl phenylcarbmate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isopropyl phenylcarbmate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 1X10-4 mm Hg(4) and a water solubility of 1.79 mg/L(5). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. Pure culture studies show that phenylcarbates are biodegraded to catechol which is then further metabolized in the TCA cycle(6). Isopropyl phenylcarbamate biodegrades more rapidly in soil that was previously treated with isopropyl phenylcarbamate(7). After 60, days 70% of isopropyl phenylcarbamate from soil previously treated with the pesticide was degraded into CO2 compared to the 20% degraded by soil that had never been treated with the pesticide(7). Similar results were obtained with soil that had been treated with the pesticide carbetamide(8). Isopropyl phenylcarbamate is stable in the presence of anaerobic microorganisms(9).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isopropyl phenyl carbamate was applied as a spray on sandy loam soil taken from Bagbroke Hill Farm(1). The soil was then repotted and Italian rye grass was grown under greenhouse environment. Analysis of dry weight samples showed that isopropyl phenylcarbamate had a half life of less than 4.5 weeks in soil where Italian rye grass was grown(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 51 to 65(2,3) indicate that isopropyl phenylcarbmate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 1X10-4 mm Hg(5) and a water solubility of 1.79 mg/L(6). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate has been shown to be resistant to hydrolysis in the environment(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 20(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.6 (9) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Pure culture studies show that phenylcarbamates are biodegraded to catechol which is then further metabolized in the TCA cycle(11). Studies show that biodegradation in water may be an important fate process(12,13); however this reaction may be dependent on concentration of the sample(12). Isopropyl phenylcarbamate is stable in the presence of anaerobic microorganisms(14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isopropyl phenylcarbmate, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 deg(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isopropyl phenylcarbmate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and has been shown not to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

Propham is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ /In male Mallards 3 months old/ regurgitation, high carriage, goose-stepping ataxia, falling when walking, walking with aid of wings. Signs persisted 2 to 4 wk after single oral administration.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Both propham and chloropropham were embryotoxic and teratogenic in amphibians.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The endomembrane network of the chlamydomonad alga, Gloeomonas kupferri, can be disrupted by the herbicide, isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate (IPC).

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

U373; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when isopropyl phenylcarbamate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Propham is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0283; Pesticide type: herbicide; Registration Standard Date: 03/30/87; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): propham; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). The Agency may adjust the statutory RQ for this hazardous substance in a future rulemaking; until then the statutory one-pound RQ applies.

(AZ) ARIZONA 52 ug/l

(FL) FLORIDA 140 ug/l

(ME) MAINE 140 ug/l

No longer used in the US; Used as a pre- and post-emergence herbicide for control of grasses and broadleaf weeds in alfalfa, clover, forage crops, flax, lettuce, safflower, spinach, sugar beets, lentils, and peas; Also used to prevent potatoes in storage from sprouting; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

For isopropyl phenylcarbamate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 047601) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Herbicide for grasses & broadleaf weeds on forage crops, flax, lettuce, safflower, spinach, sugar beets, lentils & peas

Pre- & post-emergence herbicide. For control of weeds in alfalfa, ladino clover, white clover, red or crimson clover ... fallow land.

(1972) No Data

(1975) No Data

(1972) NONE

(1975) No Data

Allen, US patent 2,615,916 (1952 to Columbia-Southern Chem Corp)... /SRP: A method of separating isopropyl n-phenyl carbamate from its reaction mixture created by reaction of an isopropyl haloformate with aniline in the presence of water and a base at a temperature at which solid isopropyl n-phenyl carbamate is produced, which comprises heating the reaction mixture to a temperature above the melting point of the carbamate but below the temperature at which the water phase in the mixture biols, thereby forming two immiscible liquid layers, separating the layer containing the product, steam distilling impurities from the product atomizing the product and chilling it to form a uniform, granular, powder-like product./

Reaction of phenyl isocyanate with isopropyl alcohol; or reaction of aniline with isopropyl chloroformate

EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE (2 LB/GAL), GRANULES (10% & 15%), FLOWABLE SUSPENSION (4 LB/GAL). WETTABLE POWDER 50% (TRI-HERBICIDE-1PC*). COMBINATIONS: TANK MIX WITH BENEFIN FOR WEED CONTROL IN LETTUCE. PROPHAM WITH CHLORPROPHAM + FENURON (BEET-KLEEN*). PROPHAM WITH LENACIL (BAN-HOE*).

Technical grade is 99% pure.

For EC formulation water is used at 10 to 40 gal/acre. Granular formulation involves binding 15% propham onto sand-core base.

AGERMIN

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL PHENYLCARBAMATE (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Food Contaminant -> CONTAMINANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Contaminant -> CONTAMINANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Pharmaceuticals

HERBICIDES

Carbamic acid, N-phenyl-, 1-methylethyl ester: INACTIVE

SELECTED BY TEMPLEMAN, WG & SEXTON, WA, NATURE, 156, 630, 1945; PROC ROY SOC 133B, 480, 1946, AS MOST ACTIVE OF SERIES OF ARYLURETHANES AS GROWTH SUBSTANCES; BRITISH PATENT 574,995.

Granular formulations of IPC on soils at 4 lb/acre rate lost more than spray applications at same rate & some protection against vapor loss was achieved by covering herbicide with 1/8- to 1/4-in layer of soil.