Strontium nitrate

2.98 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.99 g/cu-cm

2.99 @25 °C

WHITE GRANULES OR POWDER

Colorless cubic crystals

70.9 g/100 ml water at 18 °C, 100 g/100 ml water at 100 °C

401 G/L OF WATER @ 0 °C; 1 KG/L WATER @ 90 °C

Slightly sol in alcohol or acetone.

0.012 g/100 ml absolute alcohol

1193 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

645 °C

645 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1058 °F (USCG, 1999)

570 °C

570 °C

Strontium nitrate appears as a white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates burning of combustible materials. May explode if large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in pyrotechnics, in medicine, and to make other chemicals.

Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals

White solid; [Merck Index] White odorless crystalline solid; [MSDSonline]

AT LOW TEMPERATURES STRONTIUM NITRATE CRYSTALLIZES WITH 4 MOLECULES OF WATER (25.4%)

STRONG OXIDIZING AGENT

Enthalpy of formation: -229.57 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K; Gibbs energy of formation: -186.93 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K (Aqueous, 1 mole solute to 1 mole solvent), and entropy of 62.2 cal/deg-mol

Colorless monoclinic crystals; mol wt 283.69; density, 2.2; mp 100 °C with loss of 4 molecules of water, bp 1100 °C (transition point to strontium oxide); 60.43 g sol in 100 ml water at 0 °C, 206.5 g sol in 100 ml water at 100 °C, sol in liq ammonia; very slightly sol in absolute alcohol, acetone; insoluble in nitric acid. /Strontium nitrate tetrahydrate/

Enthalpy of formation: -233.80 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K; Gibbs energy of formation: -186.46 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K; entropy: 46.50 cal/deg/mole @ 298.15 °C; heat capacity: 35.83 cal/deg/mole @ 298.15 K . /Crystalline/

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (2 of 363) of reports.

Danger

H271 (66.1%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P283, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 363 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

Chemical: Nitric acid, strontium salt

Nitric acid, strontium salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, strontium salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 09-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13508

Nitric acid, strontium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001358 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Yields toxic gaseous oxides of nitrogen when involved in fire.

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

Dust is irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

A strong oxidizing agent; A fire hazard on contact with organic substances; Shock or heat may cause explosion; [Hawley] A strong skin and mild mucous membrane irritant; [HSDB] A strong oxidizing agent; A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [CAMEO] A skin and eye irritant; [eChemPortal: ERMA] An oxidizing agent; May cause fire on contact with combustible material; An irritant; [MSDSonline] See Strontium. See NITRATES and NITRITES.

Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures of a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109]. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Yields toxic gaseous oxides of nitrogen when involved in fire.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for STRONTIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strontium nitrate

UN1507

Div 5.1 Oxidizer (49 eCFR § 173.127)

PG III: the degree of danger presented by the material is minor

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Call for medical aid.

General First Aid:

Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material /is/ not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Immediate precautionary measure

8.3 [mg/m3]

91 [mg/m3]

540 [mg/m3]

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)

... Inorganic salts of strontium /such/ as the chloride, sulfate, carbonate ... /nitrate/ are remarkably benign. ... In large oral doses they presumably exert local osmotic effects & so tend to induce vomiting & diarrhea.

ENVIRONMENTAL NITRATE & NITRITE SALTS INGESTED IN FOODS & WATER HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CASES OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA. /NITRATE & NITRITE SALTS/

Acute poisoning: (From ingestion ...) Headache, flushing of skin, vomiting, dizziness, collapse, marked fall of blood pressure, cyanosis, convulsions, coma, & resp paralysis. /Nitrites & nitrates/

Because of its brilliant red flame, strontium (in particular, strontium nitrate) is used in pyrotechnic devices for the military (tracer ammunition, military flares, marine distress signals) as well as non-military applications including warning devices and fireworks(1). The production and use of this strontium compound may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

... Toxicity of these compounds /strontium fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, fluoroborate, acetate, lactate & salicylate/ vary with the anion.

INGESTION OF DOSES OF STRONTIUM NITRATE OF 50 MG/KG (1030 PPM) ARE WELL TOLERATED FOR 8 WK BY EITHER WEANLING OR ADULT RATS, AS EVIDENCED BY NORMAL AMT OF FOOD INTAKE, NORMAL WT GAINS, TOTAL BONE ASH, OR CALCIUM AND POTASSIUM COMPOSITION OF THE SKELETON.

GROUPS OF 3 FEMALE WISTAR RATS WERE TREATED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH DOSES OF 25, 50, 100 OR 200 MG/KG STRONTIUM NITRATE IN 1 ML DISTILLED WATER FROM DAYS 9 TO 19 OF PREGNANCY WHEN THEY WERE KILLED. CONTROL ANIMALS WERE GIVEN 1 ML DISTILLED WATER SC. THE PROGENY FROM TREATED MOTHER DID NOT DIFFER FROM THE CONTROLS IN SIZE OR BODY WT. THE LITTER SIZES WERE SIMILAR & THE NUMBER OF RESORPTION SITES WAS NOT INCREASED. NO HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES WERE DETECTED IN SOFT TISSUES & SKELETAL TISSUES. RESULTS SHOW THAT THE LEVELS OF STRONTIUM IN FETUSES IS UNCHANGED DESPITE A 4-FOLD INCREASE IN MATERNAL DOSE OF STRONTIUM NITRATE.

IN RATS, GUINEA PIGS & RABBITS, CHRONIC INHALATION OF STRONTIUM NITRATE CAUSED INCR SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY, DECR SERUM CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY, INCR SERUM BETA-LIPOPROTEIN LEVEL, DECR URINARY HIPPURIC ACID, INCR BLOOD & URINE CALCIUM 2+ LEVEL, & INCR URINE CHLORIDE ION. THE THRESHOLD OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF STRONTIUM NITRATE IS 3.2 MG/CU M.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for STRONTIUM NITRATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

(AL) ALABAMA 8 pCi/l /Strontium 90/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 8 pCi/l /Strontium 90/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 8 pCi/l /Strontium 90/

(IL) ILLINOIS 8 pCi/l /Strontium 90/

For more State Drinking Water Standards (Complete) data for STRONTIUM NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(FL) FLORIDA 4,200 ug/l /Strontium/

(ME) MAINE 4200 ug/l /Strontium/

TRANSFORMATION OF NITRATE TO NITRITE USUALLY OCCURS WITHIN ALIMENTARY TRACT. NITRITE IS AN INTERMEDIARY PRODUCT IN REDUCTION OF NITRATE TO AMMONIA WITHIN THE RUMEN OF SHEEP & COW ... /NITRATES & NITRITES/

Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)

THE ACCUMULATION & DISTRIBUTION OF (89)STRONTIUM CONTAMINATED WITH STRONTIUM NITRATE SOLUTION WERE DETERMINED IN 4 WK-OLD PIGS. STRONTIUM ACCUMULATES IN SKIN BUT PENETRATES MUCH DEEPER IN NOTICEABLE QUANTITY.

ORALLY ADMIN STRONTIUM NITRATE ACCUMULATED IN SKELETON OF RATS IN PROPORTION TO DOSE, AS DETERMINED IN 4- & 8-WK FEEDING TESTS. SKELETAL STORAGE AVERAGED 2.7% OF DOSE, & THE PERCENTAGE WAS UNINFLUENCED BY SEX OR AGE OR BY LEVEL FED FROM 30-1030 PPM STRONTIUM NITRATE. YOUNG (6-WK) RATS HAD 7.7 PPM STRONTIUM IN BONE ASH BEFORE ADMIN OF STRONTIUM; ADULTS HAD 11.8 PPM. THE BONE RETENTION FACTOR ... (NUMBER OF SR ATOMS/1000 CALCIUM ATOMS DIVIDED BY THE SAME RATIO FOR THE DIET), AVERAGED 0.20, INDICATING A PREFERENTIAL RETENTION OF CALCIUM TO THAT OF STRONTIUM.

STEP-SCAN SCINTIMETRY OF THE SACROILIAC JOINTS AND SPINE WAS PERFORMED IN PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED OR SUSPECTED ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS 2 WEEKS AFTER INJECTION OF 100 MICROCURIES OF RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM NITRATE (85). STRONTIUM UPTAKE OF (85) STRONTIUM WAS HIGH IN CASES WITH EARLY ROENTGENOGRAPHIC CHANGES OF THE SACROILIAC JOINTS AND MINIMAL SPINAL INVOLVEMENT.

Used in pyrotechnics (red fire), signal lights, marine signals, railroad flares, matches, and military tracer bullets; Also used in electron tubes and as a pigment; [HSDB]

In signal lights, marine signals, railroad flares, matches; in pyrotechnics (red fire)

INTERMEDIATE; ELECTRON TUBES

PIGMENT

Mfr of pyrotechnics as it imparts brilliant color to flame

For more Uses (Complete) data for STRONTIUM NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strontium nitrate is made by reaction of milled strontium carbonate with nitric acid. The nitrate slurry is filtered, crystallized, & centrifuged before drying in a rotary dryer.

A concentrated solution of strontium chloride is treated with a solution of sodium nitrate.

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Nitric acid, strontium salt (2:1): ACTIVE