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Lead nitrate
LEAD NITRATE · PB(NO3)2 · LEAD STANDARD SOLUTION · LEAD STANDARD · Blei(II)-nitrat · lead ion standard solution · Pb solution · Lead Nitrale
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 10099-74-8 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | N2O6Pb |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 331 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 331,95229 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=[N+]([O-])[O-].O=[N+]([O-])[O-].[Pb+2] |
| InChIKey | RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 24924 |
| EC No. | 233-245-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID2035069 |
| Lokaler Name | Bleidinitrat |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 126 |
|---|---|
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 6 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 9 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 18 |
| pH | 3.0-4.0 (20% aq soln at 25 °C)3-4 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Dichte | 4.53 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink4.53 g/cu cmRelative density (water = 1): 4.64.53 @25 °C1.00 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | White or colorless translucent crystalsColorless, cubic crystals |
| Löslichkeit | Slightly soluble in ethanol1 g in 2 mL cold water1 g in 0.75 mL boiling water1 g in 2500 mL absolute alcohol1 g in 75 mL absolute methanolinsol in concentrated nitric acid37.65 g/100 cu cm water at 0 °C56.5 g/100 cu cm at 20 °C127 g/100 cu cm at 100 °C59.7 g/100 cu cm of water at 25 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 52H2O: soluble343 g/L |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomp ... emits very toxic fumes of /lead and nitrogen oxides/.Lead nitrate decomposes at 470 °C.290 °C. This produces toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and lead oxides. The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials. Reacts violently with ammonium thiocyanate, red-hot carbon and lead hypophosphate. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 470 °C470 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Brechungsindex | Index of refraction: 1.782 |
| Physical Description | Lead nitrate is a white crystalline solid. The material is soluble in water. It is noncombustible but it will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities of the material are involved in the fire an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure of the material to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material.LiquidDry PowderOther SolidCBIWhite or colorless crystals[HSDB]WHITE OR COLOURLESS CRYSTALS. |
| Other Experimental Properties | CONSTANT HUMIDITY: 88.4% at 103.5 °C and 760 mm Hg aq tensionHeat of Solution: 23 cal/g (41 Btu/lb or 0.96X10+5 J/kg) /HNO3.PB(X)/Above 205 °C, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide are driven off, and basic lead nitrates are formed. Above 470 °C, decomposes to lead monoxide and Pb3O4.Lead is derived from the decay of radon. /Inorganic lead/For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for LEAD NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Siedepunkt | 500℃[at 101 325 Pa] |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store below +30°C. |
| Aggregatzustand | Solid |
| Wichte | 4.53 |
| Farbe | White |
| Geruch | Odorless |
| Merck | 14,5414 |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 37.7(0.0℃) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Strong oxidizer. Incompatible with combustible materials, organics, strong reducing agents. |
| InChI | 1S/2NO3.Pb/c2*2-1(3)4/q2*-1+2 |
| InChIKey | RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [PbH2++].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O |
| CAS Datenbank | 10099-74-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) (10099-74-8) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 11.3% (36 of 318) of reports.DangerH272 (13.5%): May intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]H302+H332 (39.6%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oralacute toxicity, inhalation]H302 (88.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H317 (48.4%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]H318 (78.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H332 (88.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]H351 (48.1%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]H360 (34%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]H360Df (61.6%): May damage the unborn childSuspected of damaging fertility [Danger Reproductive toxicity]H372 (48.4%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]H373 (47.2%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]H400 (88.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]H410 (88.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P203, P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 318 reports by companies from 21 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 36 of 318 reports by companies.There are 20 notifications provided by 282 of 318 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Nitric acid, lead(2+) saltConditions Of Use:This chemical must not be imported or manufactured for use in any:- industrial surface coating or as a component of industrial surface coatings at concentrations greater than 0.1%*- ink or as a component of inks at concentrations greater than 0.1%*, when intended for industrial uses*calculated on the non-volatile component of the surface coating or inkSpecific Information Requirement: Obligations to provide information apply. You must tell us within 28 days if the circumstances of your importation or manufacture (introduction) are different to those in our assessment.Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 13-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14897Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25285Restricted substance: Lead dinitrateEC: 233-245-9Restriction condition document: PDF linkSubstance: Lead dinitrateDate of inclusion: >19-Dec-2012Reason for inclusion: Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001328 Approved with controls |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | PEC / SN / Other assessments - Lead compounds used in industrial surface coatings and inks: HealthIMAP assessments - Water soluble lead(2+) salts: Environment tier II assessmentIMAP assessments - Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Oxidizer Poison |
| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire.Behavior in Fire: Increases the intensity of a fire when in contact with burning material. Use plenty of water to cool containers or spilled material. (USCG, 1999)· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.· May explode from heat or contamination.· Some may burn rapidly.· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).· Containers may explode when heated.· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. |
| Brandpotenzial | Lead nitrate reacts with brilliant sparks when projected on red-hot carbon.Strong oxidizing material. Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Early symptoms of lead intoxicatin via inhalation or ingestion are most commonly gastrointestinal disorders, colic, constipation, etc.weakness, which may go on to paralysis, chiefly of the extensor muscles of the wrists and less often the ankles, is noticeable in the most serious cases. Ingestion of a large amount causes local irritation of the alimentary tractpain, leg cramps, muscle weakness, paresthesias, depression, coma, and death may follow in 1 or 2 days. Contact with eyes causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)· Toxic by ingestion.· Inhalation of dust is toxic.· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Effects of short-term exposure: irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tractHeating to decomposition at 290 deg C releases nitrogen oxides and lead oxide[ICSC] See Lead and linked occupational diseases. |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1469 141 |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: T, NR: 61-20/22-33-62-50/53S: 53-45-60-61Note: A, E |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1UN Pack Group: II |
| Special Reports | National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s101lead.pdf]WHOEnvironmental Health Criteria 85: Lead - Environmental Aspects (1989). EHC are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Vol 87 Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, (2006). IARC Monographs provide critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzlesif this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.Small Dry Spill· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover looselymove containers from spill area.Large Spill· Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. |
| Erste Hilfe | Remove at once all cases of lead intoxication from further exposure until the blood level is reduced to a safe valueimmediately place the individual under medical care.INGESTION: give gastric lavage using 1% solution of sodium or magnesium sulfateleave 15-30 gm magnesium sulfate in 6-8 oz. of water in the stomach as antidote and catharticegg white, milk, and tannin are useful demulcentsatropine sulfate and other antispasmodics may relieve abdominal pain, but morphine may be necessary.EYES or SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. |
| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Lead in blood = 200 ug/L (20 ug/100 ml)sampling time not critical |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Stow away from foodstuffs.Storage temp: ambient. Venting: open. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Evironmental considerations - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.Environmental considerations - Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover looselymove containers from spill area.LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024) |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Lead/ |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. |
| Treatment | Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613, L21) |
| Wechselwirkungen | ... Melatonin (MLT) (10 or 50 mg/kg) was orally administered to ICR mice daily for 28 days, and Pb was also administered at 35 mg/kg in the same way 2 hr after the administration of MLT, and the normal mice were given vehicle. Within the Pb plus MLT-treated group, the body weight gains and the relative thymus weights were significantly increased when compared with the treatment of Pb alone. The relative spleen and liver weights were increased by the treatment of Pb alone, and then restored to normal value by MLT treatment. Hemagglutination (HA) titer, plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC), and secondary IgG antibody response to BSA were significantly enhanced in the Pb plus MLT-treated mice, as opposed to when compared with the treatment of Pb alone. The mitogenic response of splenic T cell to concanavalin A and that of B cells to lipopolysaccharide was remarkably increased by MLT treatment when compared with treatment of Pb alone. Splenic CD4(+)cells were significantly increased by MLT treatment when compared with treatment of Pb alone. In case of CD8(+) cells, the slight enhancement was observed in MLT treatment. Splenic T and B cells were significantly increased by MLT treatment when compared with the treatment of Pb alone. The natural killer cell, phagocytic activity and the number of peripheral leukocytes were significantly enhanced in Pb plus MLT-treated mice when compared with the treatment of Pb alone.The development toxicity of lead nitrate (25 mg/kg, SC), methylmercury chloride (12.5 mg/kg, PO), and sodium arsenite (6 mg/kg, SC) was assessed in CD1 mice following administration on gestation day 10 of these chemicals separately or in their binary and ternary combinations. Cesarean sections were performed on day 18 of gestation, and fetuses were examined for malformations and variations. Three fetuses from each dam were used for whole-body analyses of Pb, Hg, and As. Maternal toxic effects were more remarkable in the group concurrently exposed to Pb, Hg, and As than in those given binary combinations of the elements. In turn, maternal toxicity was more notable in these groups than in those given separately the test compounds. With regard to developmental toxicity, the most relevant effects (decreased fetal weight, cleft palate) corresponded to the Hg-treated groups. It is in agreement with the finding that in all experimental groups the levels of Pb and As in whole fetuses were under their respective detection limits. In general terms, the present data suggests that at the current doses, the interactive effects of Pb and As on Hg-induced developmental toxicity were not greater than additive. In contrast, exposure of pregnant mice to Pb and As at doses that were practically nontoxic to dams, concurrently with organic Hg at a toxic dose, caused supra-additive interactions in maternal toxicity.Oral exposure to lead nitrate increased the incidence of N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced renal tumors in male ratsLead nitrate pretreatment antagonized toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats.For more Interactions (Complete) data for LEAD NITRATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L21) |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50Species: Anas platyrynchos (Mallard duck) youngConcentration: > 500 mg/L for < 100 days /from table/Species: Anas platyrynchos (Mallard duck) adultConcentration: > 50 mg/L for < 100 days /from table/Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), males or females, 14 days oldoral (5-day ad libitum in diet) > 5,000 ppmno overt signs of toxicity to 5,000 ppmcontrol references were dieldrin & dicrotophoscorn oil diluent was added to diet at ratio of 2:98 by wt(extreme concentrations: 1,000-5,000 ppm) /Reagent grade, 100% AI/EC50Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water flea, age <24 hr)Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C, pH 8.2, hardness 100 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 97 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen > or =70%)Concentration: 269 ug/L for 7 daysEffect: reduced growth, reduced number of young per female /total lead ion/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for LEAD NITRATE (64 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Predominantly motorOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.Oral (L136)inhalation (L136)dermal (L136) |
| Milk Concentrations | Much of an oral dose of (203)Pb lead nitrate was poorly absorbed and thus ... excreted fairly rapidly from the lactating cow. In 6 days, 95% ... excreted in ... feces, 0.2% in ... urine, and 0.02% in the milk. The biological half lives were 18 hr for the unabsorbed and 72 hr for ... absorbed (203)Pb. |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, T4, A20, A22, L136) |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ One-day-old herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were injected intraperitoneally with lead nitrate solution (0.1 or 0.2 mg Pb/g) or sterile saline to examine differences in growth rates. ... By d 8 there were significant differences in growth rates as a function of treatment. There were also, by d 8, significant differences in bill length, tarsus length, and wing bone length. Except for bill length, these differences persisted for the duration of the study. Developmental curves varied, with lead-treated birds reaching the same asymptote as control birds for bill length, but having a lower asymptote for tarsus length. For curves where asymptotes were reached, lead-treated birds required more days to reach it than control birds. The initial amount of food eaten each day was positively correlated with weight gain for control birds, but negatively correlated for lead-treated birds./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... Young herring gulls, Larus argentatus, were used to examine the effect of timing of lead exposure on individual recognition behavior and development. Each of 60 1-day-old herring gull chicks was randomly assigned to a control group or to one of three treatment groups that received a single dose of lead nitrate solution (100 mg/kg) at Day 2 or 6 of age or the same total dose divided in thirds on Day 2, 4, and 6. Matched controls were injected with isotonic saline on the same schedules. Variations in individual recognition of human attendants were largely explained by age and status (lead versus control), and some variation was explained by day of injection (exposure regime). Using a feeding paradigm, the percentage responding to their caretaker compared to another person was higher (70% versus 38%), and occurred earlier in controls compared to lead-injected birds. Lead-injected birds required longer to respond initially, took longer to choose, moved less distance per time, and took longer to eventually reach the food. ... Among lead-injected birds there was a disjunction of effect related to dosing schedule: birds injected on Day 6 chose more correctly but were slower to respond .../BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... The effects of temporal differences in lead exposure on early development in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) /were examined/. Each of 72 1-day-old herring gull chicks was randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups to receive a lead nitrate concentration of 100 ug/g at age 2 or at age 6, a similar cumulative dose evenly divided on days 2, 4, and 6, or matched-volume saline injections on the same days. Behavioral tests were performed (some at 2- and others at 5-day intervals) to examine locomotion, balance, righting response, thermoregulation, and visual cliff. Most variation in weight was explained by testing age, although treatment affected weight gain for the lead-6 gulls, particularly after 20 days. Although treatment influenced balance and locomotion, the effect was small. The lead-6 birds were unable to remain on an incline as long as the lead-2, lead-246, and control birds. The overall score for balance improved with age for controls, showed little change for the lead-2 and lead-2-4-6 gulls, but showed a decrease in performance for the lead-6 birds. On the thermoregulation test, the lead-6 birds performed less well under both low- and high-temperature test conditions. Although the lead-2-4-6 birds had a lower score on the visual cliff tests than the other groups, the lead-6 gulls showed a significant delay in response and gave significantly fewer calls then the other groups/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... One randomly chosen member of each of 8 pairs of young /Sterna hirundo/ common tern chicks was injected with lead nitrate solution at a concentration of 0.2 mg/g. The pairs were not siblings but were matched for age (+/- 1 d) and weight (+/- 3 g). The second member of each pair was injected with an equal volume of sterile saline. Behavioral tests performed examined locomotion, balance and righting response, feeding tasks and begging, depth perception and response on a visual cliff, and behavioral thermoregulation. In each pair the control chick was heavier at 4 wk of age. For most behavioral measures, except begging and movement on a stationary incline, the lead-injected chicks performed less well than the control chicks. When presented with a novel feeding situation (reversal of fish position), the lead-injected chicks required significantly more time to eat the same number of fish. The single injection of lead thus affected a variety of behavioral patterns, with effects apparent within 5 d after injection.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for LEAD NITRATE (88 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat.Redness. Pain.Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137, A2, L21) |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in marine organisms and terrestrial organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment because it is persistent. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /CASE REPORTS/ ... A child with extremely high lead blood level of 20.4 umol/L (422.7 ug/dL) ... was treated with chelation and ... significant organ dysfunction did not develop. Documented significant high level above 3.37 umol/L (corresponding to 70 ug/dL) in this patient persisted for approximately 24 hr. Adequate, single or combined chelatation therapy in early phase of acute lead poisoning is essential for the further patient's outcome./GENOTOXICITY/ ... The aim ... was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of lead by using lymphocytes from human peripheral blood in vitro. The LC50 for lead nitrate as determined by Trypan blue dye exclusion technique was ... 3.14 mM. Chromosomal aberration frequency at sublethal doses (1/10 of LC50) as determined by examining the metaphase chromosomes (karyotyping) did not show significant aberrations except for some aneuploidy and about 2-4% gaps, breaks (3-4%), and about 5% satellite associations. However, significant DNA damage was determined by SCGE (Comet assay). The comet tail length proportionately increased with increasing lead nitrate concentration./GENOTOXICITY/ The induction of DNA damage in mammalian cells by lead acetate and lead nitrate has been investigated repeatedly, yielding negative or (mostly weakly) positive results for DNA strand breaksone study did not find 8-OH-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in nuclear DNA, and one suggested the induction of DNA- protein crosslinks. Besides genotoxic effects, there is growing evidence for altered gene expression resulting from low-level exposure to lead ... |
| RCRA-Anforderungen | D008A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/The Environmental Protection Agency is ... /promulgated/ regulations concerning ground-water monitoring with regard to screening suspected contamination at land based hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. ... /There are/ new requirements to analyze for a specified core list of chemicals plus those chemicals specified by the Regional Administrator on a site-specific basis. ... /Total lead (all species) is included on this list./ /Total lead (all species)/ |
| Luftstandards | National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are: 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this list. /Lead compounds/ |
| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | Lead nitrate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Lead and compounds/ |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/L /Lead/ |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (AZ) ARIZONA 20 ug/L /Lead/(ME) MAINE 10 ug/L /Lead/ |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 15 ug/L (Action Level) /Lead/ |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1469 |
| Zollcode | 2834 29 20 |
| RTECS-Nr. | OG2100000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 61-8-20/22-33-50/53-62-52/53-36/38-51/53-35-41-34 |
| Toxizität | guinea pig,LDLo,oral,500mg/kg (500mg/kg),BLOOD: PIGMENTED OR NUCLEATED RED BLLOD CELLSBEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD,Archiv fuer Hygiene und Bakteriologie. Vol. 125, Pg. 273, 1941. |
| Gefahrensymbole | O,T,N,Xi,C |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 53-45-60-61-17-26-36/37-36/37/39-39 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 5.1Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Carc. 2Eye Dam. 1Repr. 1ASkin Sens. 1BSTOT RE 1 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | II |
| Lagerklasse | 5.1B - Oxidizing hazardous materials |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 10099-74-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Lead(II) nitrate is employed in industrial applications such as heat stabilization in nylon and polyesters and coatings of photothermographic paper. It is utilized to improve the leaching process in the gold cyanidation. It finds applications as a lead paint as well as a source of dinitrogen tetroxide. As an oxidant, it is used in the oxidation of benzylic halides to aldehydes in organic synthesis. It is also used in the preparation of dithiocarbamates from isothiocyanates. It acts as a scavenger of bromide in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Herstellung & Synthese
synthetische
Lead nitrate is prepared by dissolving lead metal, lead monoxide or lead carbonate in excess dilute nitric acid followed by evaporation of and/or cooling the solution for crystallization.