Salpetersure, Nickelsalz

Metals -> Nickel Compounds, Inorganic

Metals -> Nickel Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

2.05 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.05 no temp

SOL IN 238.5 G/100 CC WATER AT 0 °C /HEXAHYDRATE/

SOL IN ALCOHOL; AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE /HEXAHYDRATE/

VERY SOL IN HOT WATER /HEXAHYDRATE/

3 G/100 ML HYDRAZINE AT 20 °C

7.5 WT% IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL AT 20 °C

48.5 WT% IN WATER AT 20 °C

NICKEL NITRATE SHOWED GREATER WT LOSS THAN THAT BASED ON AN OXIDE YIELD, INDICATING THAT IT OR ITS PRODUCT OF DECOMP IS VOLATILE BELOW 1100 DEG.

When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

Toxic gases and vapors (such as nickel carbonyl) may be released ... in the decomp of nickel cmpd. /Nickel & sol nickel cmpd/

Nickel nitrate is a green crystalline solid. It is soluble in water. It is noncombustible, but it will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material. It is used in nickel plating and to make nickel catalysts for use in chemical manufacture.

Liquid; Dry Powder

Hexahydrate: green, deliquescent crystals with a mp of 56.7 deg C; [Merck Index]

Green odorless solid; [CHRIS]

STRONG OXIDIZING AGENT /HEXAHYDRATE/

Green, deliquescent crystals; density: 2.05; MP: 56.7 °C; BP: 137 °C; sol in 0.4 part water, in alcohol. The aq soln is acid; pH about 4. /Hexahydrate/

Heat of solution: 1.1x10+5 J/kg= 26 cal/g= 47 Btu/lb /Hexahydrate/

Nickel nitrate hexahydrate loses water on heating and eventually decomposes forming nickel oxide. The loss of the individual waters of hydration upon heating the hexahydrate can be studied and the existence of the anhydrous covalent compound Ni(NO3)2 ... can be observed, before it decomposes, using differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis techniques.

GREEN MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS; MOL WT 290.79 /HEXAHYDRATE/

95.030 lb/100 lb water at 70 °F /Hexahydrate/

Danger

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P203, P210, P220, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P203, P210, P220, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Nitric acid, nickel(2+) salt

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Reproductive Toxicity; Respiratory Toxicity

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Reproductive Toxicity; Respiratory Toxicity

Nitric acid, nickel(2+) salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, nickel(2+) salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 30-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15143

Restricted substance: Nickel dinitrate

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire.

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

CONTACT OF SOLID WITH WOOD OR PAPER MAY CAUSE FIRES. /HEXAHYDRATE/

DANGEROUS FIRE RISK. /HEXAHYDRATE/

Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes vomiting. Dust irritates eyes and may cause dermatitis in contact with skin. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [HSDB] Dangerous fire risk and strong oxidizing agent; [Hawley] See NITRATES and NITRITES. See Nickel and linked occupational diseases.

An oxidizer that may cause fire on contact with wood or paper; A skin, eye, nose, and throat irritant; [CHRIS] See Nickel(II) nitrate. See Nickel and linked occupational diseases.

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.1 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Nickel soluble compounds, as Ni/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Nickel, soluble cmpd, as Ni/

Green, crystalline material, toxic and carcinogenic. A powerful oxidizer, it may cause a violent reaction with reducing materials (e.g., magnesium or aluminum powder, tin(II) chloride). Dangerous fire hazard, acts as oxygen carrier. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 915]. Complexes with tetrammine and tetrahydrazine are explosive [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1685].

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

INHALATION: move to fresh air; got medical attention if exposure has been severe.

General First Aid:

If material is on fire or is involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material is not on fire and is not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Excess exposure to nickel is usually handled by preventing further exposure and symptomatic treatment. Nickel poisoning may also be treated using chelation therapy with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613, L42)

The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L41)

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, L41, A40)

Symptoms of nickel poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping, followed by chest pains, sweating, rapid heart beat, and a dry cough. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137, L42)

INHALATION OF DUST CAUSES IRRITATION OF NOSE & THROAT, /COUGHING OR DIFFICULT BREATHING/. ... DUST IRRITATES EYES & MAY CAUSE DERMATITIS IN CONTACT WITH SKIN. SOLID /MATERIAL IS/ IRRITATING TO SKIN & EYES. IF SWALLOWED WILL CAUSE NAUSEA & VOMITING.

... NICKEL CHLORIDE NICL2, NICKEL SULFATE NISO4, & NICKEL NITRATE NI(NO3)2 /WERE NOT/ ... MUTAGENIC IN A STUDY OF MUTATION IN STREPTOMYCIN-DEPENDENT E COLI STRAIN ... SIMILAR NEGATIVE RESULTS WERE FOUND ON TESTING BACTERIOPHAGE T4 WITH NISO4 DURING PHAGE REPLICATION IN T4-INFESTED E COLI ...

EXPOSURE OF CARP TO WATER CONTAINING NI2+ (0.1 & 0.2 MG NICKEL NITRATE/L) FOR 10 DAYS IMPAIRED OXIDATIVE-REDUCTIVE CAPACITY OF LIVER & GILL LIPIDS BUT NOT OF LIPIDS FROM BLOOD & SPLEEN.

ALFALFA (M SATIVA) YIELDS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED WHEN GROWN IN GREENHOUSE IN SOILS AMENDED WITH NICKEL NITRATE. HIGHEST TISSUE CONCN ASSOC WITH PLANT STUNTING & NECROSIS.

... Nickel nitrate ... produced a more pronounced effect /(reduction)/ on DNA synthesis than on ATP or protein synthesis /in Chinese hamster ovary cells/.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NICKEL NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Nickel, soluble inorganic compounds (NOS), as Ni/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nickel sulfate, and of the combinations of nickel sulfides and oxides encountered in the nickel refining industry. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel and nickel alloys. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel, nickel monoxides, nickel hydroxides and crystalline nickel sulfides. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nickel alloys, nickelocene, nickel carbonyl, nickel salts, nickel arsenides, nickel antimonide, nickel selenides and nickel telluride. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nickel trioxide, amorphous nickel sulfide and nickel titanate. The Working Group made the overall evaluation on nickel compounds as a group on the basis of the combined results of epidemiological studies, carcinogenicity studies in experimental animals, and several types of other relevant data, supported by the underlying concept that nickel compounds can generate nickel ions at critical sites in their target cells. Overall evaluation: Nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Metallic nickel is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Nickel compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 t0 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, Nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, Nitrites, and related compounds/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Nickel nitrate is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(CA) CALIFORNIA 100 ug/L /Nickel/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 100 ug/l /Nickel/

(DE) DELAWARE 100 ug/l /Nickel/

(FL) FLORIDA 100 ug/L /Nickel/

(WI) WISCONSIN 100 ug/L /Nickel/

(AZ) ARIZONA 150 ug/l /Nickel/

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 100 ug/l /Nickel/

(ME) MAINE 140 ug/l /Nickel/

(MN) MINNESOTA 100 ug/l /Nickel/

Nickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137, L41)

Used in nickel plating and to make brown ceramic pigments; [Merck Index] Used in batteries; [HSDB] Used to make nickel catalysts; [CAMEO]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

Used in nickel plating and ceramics; [EPA OHM/TADS]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

Nickel-plating; mfr of brown ceramic colors

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 5.58X10+8 G

... The anhydrous covalent compound Ni(NO3)2 ... is prepared by the reaction of red fuming nitric acid and nickel nitrate hexahydrate.

By action of nitric acid on nickel, or on nickel oxide. /Hexahydrate/

Grades or purity: Purified, 99.1% /Hexahydrate/

Grades: technical; reagent /Hexahydrate/

Liquid grade; reagent, 6-hydrate, crystal grades; flake grades; crystal & soln form

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Nitric acid, nickel(2+) salt (2:1): ACTIVE

USED AS CATALYST TO REMOVE WASTE GAS CONTAINING OZONE FROM WASTE WATER.

USED AS MARKER TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TREATED & UNTREATED HORN FLIES WHEN PLACED IN LARVAL REARING MEDIUM AT LEVELS THAT MIGHT BE DETECTED IN ADULTS BY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY.