Platinum tetrachloride

4.3 @ 25 °C

Red, monoclinic; density= 2.43, very soluble hot and cold water; soluble in alcohol and ether. /Platinum tetrachloride pentahydrate/

Relative density (water = 1): 4.3

Brown-red cubic crystals

Brown solid

58.7 g/100 cc cold water @ 25 °C; very sol in hot water; slightly soluble in alcohol, ammonia; sol in acetone; insoluble in ether

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 58.7

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

370 °C

Reddish-brown solid; [ICSC] Crystalline solid; Soluble in water; [MSDSonline]

RED-BROWN POWDER OR CRYSTALS.

Decomposes at 370 °C (698 °F)

Red crystals; loses 4 mol water @ 100 °C; density: 2.43; sol in water and alcohol. /Pentahydrate/

Danger

H290 (12.1%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

P233, P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P390, P403, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 58 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Platinum chloride (PtCl4), (SP-4-1)-

Platinum (IV) chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] Severely irritating to skin; [HSDB] A skin and eye irritant; May cause skin and respiratory sensitization after prolonged contact; [eChemPortal: ERMA] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; May cause skin and respiratory sensitization after prolonged contact; [MSDSonline] See Platinum, soluble salts.

A severe skin irritant.

The dusts of soluble platinum salts cause a burning sensation in the eyes, lacrimation, and conjunctival hyperemia, sometimes associated with photophobia, which suggests that the corneal epithelium may be involved. /Soluble platinum salts/

Inhalation of the dust of sol platinum salts is irritating. /Platinum/

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed. If soluble platinum salts or liquids containing soluble salts are spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill; 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquids containing soluble platinum salts should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material, /Soluble platinum salts/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where soluble platinum salts or liquids containing soluble platinum salts are handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle soluble platinum salts or liquids containing soluble platinum salts should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Soluble platinum salts/

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. ... If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Admin (formerly Mining Enforcement & Safety Admin) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. /Soluble platinum salts/

Control can only be achieved by preventing the release of the soluble complex platinum salts to the atmosphere of the workshop. Good exhaust ventilation is necessary in platinum refineries. Chemical procedures which may generate these salts should be carried out in ventilated fume cupboards. Open centrifuges should not be used. Good personal hygiene is important. /Platinum compounds/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PLATINUM TETRACHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

... The dermal irritancy of platinum cmpds in albino rabbits /was investigated/. Platinum(IV)tetrachloride ... /was/ applied to intact or abraded skin of rabbits for 24 hr, & the skin reactions were evaluated. Platinum(IV)tetrachloride was rated unsafe for intact or abraded skin contact ... .

Dose-dependent forward mutations were induced by PtCl4 to 8-azaguanine resistance (8-AGr/HGPRT locus) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-S) cells. In addition there was an increased dose-related frequency of CHO-AUXB1 reversion.

Rabbit alveolar macrophages exposed to the water-soluble platinum(IV) chloride at a concentration of 0.4 mmol/l (78 mg Pt/l) for a period of 20 hr exhibited a 50% reduction in macrophage viability. A reduction in phagocytic activity and a decrease in total cellular adenosine triphosphate to 50% of the value in control macrophages was observed at 0.21 and 0.25 mmol/l (41 and 48 mg Pt/l).

In experiments with rats dose-response relationships of alimentary PtCl2 and PtCl4 were investigated. 2 x 81 animals weighing 35 g were randomly distributed among 9 treatment groups which were fed ad libitum with a synthetic diet containing various amounts of Pt during 4 weeks. Pt was added in the form of PtCl2 or PtCl4 in the amounts 0; 0.01; 0.05; 0.10; 0.50; 1.0; 5.0; 10 and 50 mg/kg diet. The Pt supplementation had no influence on life mass gain or food consumption. In the case of 50 mg/kg Pt in the form of PtCl4 the erythrocyte count and hematocrit were reduced by about 13% in comparison with the control group. Dependent on the Pt dose, the application of PtCl4 and PtCl2 induced Pt retention in nearly all tissues especially in kidney. The effects were greater with PtCl4 than with PtCl2. As a result of the higher Pt retention in the kidneys, the serum creatinine was increased for the higher doses of PtCl4.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PLATINUM TETRACHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Occupational inhalation allergy (bronchial asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), often in association with urticaria and Quincke edema is common in platinum associated industry. It is due to sensitization against platinum chloride. As an avg of 60% of people working in the platinum industry fall ill with bronchial asthma more stringent protective occupational measures are suggested.

Wheezing /in sensitized workers/ can be relieved with bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Complete recovery can be expected if further exposure is avoided. /Chloroplatinates/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

LD50 Rat oral 276 mg/kg

LD50 Rat male oral 240 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Rat male ip 38 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Rat male iv 26.2 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Rat male iv 41.4 mg/kg /From table/

... (191)PtCl4 (25 uCi/animal) /was administered/ intravenously to 15 pregnant rats on day 18 of gestation to determine placental transfer after 24 hr. High levels of (191)Pt radioactivity were found in the kidney (127 064 counts/g) and liver (43 375 counts/g), compared with 10 568 counts/g in the blood. Accumulation was also found in the placenta (27 750 counts/g). (191)Pt was detected in the 60 fetuses examined, but only at very low concentrations (an average of 432 counts/g). Thus, the placental barrier is crossed to a limited extent.

Used as catalyst for: alkoxycarbonylation of dienes; carboxylation of allyl chloride; homologation of methanol; oxidative chlorination of alkanes; [HSDB]

Used as catalyst for /the following/: alkoxycarbonylation of dienes; carboxylation of allyl chloride; homologation of methanol; oxidative chlorination of alkanes

Derivation: By solution of platinum in aqua regia and evaporation.

(1) Chlorinate platinum metal at elevated temperature. (2) Chlorinate platinous chloride at 275 °C. (3) Heat chloroplatinic acid alone or in chlorine.