Zirconium nitrate

Very soluble in water

Soluble in alcohol

Zirconium nitrate is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water. It is noncombustible, but it will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material. It is used as a preservative.

Colorless to white crystals that absorb moisture from the air; [HSDB]

White very hygroscopic crystals or pieces, or scales; very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; the aqueous solution is acid to litmus /Zirconium nitrate pentahydrate/

Molecular weight: 429.320; white hygroscopic crystals; decomposes at 100 °C; very soluble in water; soluble in ethanol /Zirconium nitrate pentahydrate/

Danger

H272 (100%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 148 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H272 (100%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

Chemical: Nitric acid, zirconium(4+) salt

Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 09-03-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7532

Nitric acid, zirconium(4+) salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001363 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire.

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

Dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact with organic, strong oxidizing agents.

Not flammable but may intensify fire. /Zirconium nitrate pentahydrate/

Has only a mild pharmacological action. Inhalation of dust may irritate nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Zirconium compounds (as Zr)/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 mg/cu m; STEL 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Zirconium compounds (as Zr)/

Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates, such as ZIRCONIUM NITRATE, with alkyl esters may explode owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures of a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109]. Dissolves in water to give an acid solution.

Each year, an estimated 35,000 wells are hydraulically-fractured in the U.S. Although the oil and gas extraction industry as a whole has a relatively higher fatality rate compared to most of the U.S. general industry... there is currently no worker injury/illness or fatality data publicly available for hydraulic fracturing or flowback operations. Regardless of the availability of data, more workers are potentially exposed to the hazards created by hydraulic fracturing and flowback operations due to the large increase in the number of these operations in the past decade.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

INHALATION: Move to fresh air.

General First Aid:

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. ... Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). ... Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7).

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation... . /Zirconium compound (as Zr)/

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

If material not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away and keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Immediate precautionary measure

5.0 [mg/m3], as Zr

10.0 [mg/m3], as Zr

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 10 mg/cu m. /Zirconium and compounds, as Zr/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Zirconium and compounds, as Zr/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zirconium nitrate is a white hygroscopic crystal. It is used as a reagent and preservative. Also, it is used in pre-coatings applied on glass surfaces before the application of phosphor photo binder in the production of cathode-ray tubes. Zirconium nitrate has been identified as being used in hydraulic fracturing as a cross linker. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: No human studies were found for this chemical. ANIMAL STUDIES: Zirconium nitrate has relatively low acute toxicity LD50 (rat oral 2290 mg/kg). Tested in vivo, zirconium nitrate was the most effective of 6 zirconium compounds in decreasing retention of (144) Cerium by liver and femur of rats. None affected strontium retention by tibia or femur. In vitro zirconium nitrate produced a slight inhibition of amylase activity at 0.53 mM concentration, a 20% inhibition of yeast invertase at 0.7 mM, and a 50% inhibition of serum alkaline phosphatase at 0.9 mM, but no inhibition of trypsin at 1 mM concentration. The rather low inhibitory effects produced on these enzymes at the zirconium concentrations used indicate no specific effect of zirconium on these particular enzymes.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ... Produced a slight (10.5%) inhibition of amylase activity at 0.53 mM concentration in vitro, a 20% inhibition of yeast invertase at 0.7 mM, and a 50% inhibition of serum alkaline phosphatase at 0.9 mM, but no inhibition of trypsin at 1 mM concentration. The rather low inhibitory effects produced on these enzymes at the zirconium concentrations used indicate no specific effect of zirconium on these particular enzymes.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 268 workers (none of these were female) were potentially exposed to zirconium nitrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to zirconium nitrate may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where zirconium nitrate is produced or used(SRC).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Zirconium nitrate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Used as a reagent, preservative, and medication; [HSDB]

Reagent

Preservative

In pre-coatings /applied/ on glass surfaces before the application of phosphor photobinder in the production of cathode-ray tubes.

Zirconium nitrate has been identified as being used in hydraulic fracturing as a crosslinker. /From table/

For more Uses (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Action of nitric acid on zirconium oxide.

Prepared /from/ zirconium chloride and nitrogen pentoxide.

Nitric acid, zirconium(4+) salt (4:1): ACTIVE

Naturally occurring zirconium contains five isotopes. Thirty-one other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known to exist.